1. 3.2 Circulatory System

2. Functions of The Circulatory System
Moves oxygen from the lungs to all the body cells
Moves carbon dioxide from the body cells to the lungs
Moves nutrients from the small intestine to the body cells
Moves waste materials from the body cells to the kidneys and skin
Regulates the body temperature and transports disease-fighting white blood cells to sites of viruses or bacteria

3. Main Parts of the Circulatory System
Heart – the pump
Blood – the fluid in
which materials
are transported
Blood Vessels –
the tubes to
carry the blood

4. The Blood
Did you know…
- It takes about 20 seconds for a RBC to circulate the entire body
Blood is a type of connective tissue that circulates through your body, it consists of 4 parts:
Red Blood Cells (RBC) – (oxygen- carrying cells)
- 45% of the blood’s volume
- contains a protein called hemoglobin (carries the oxygen)
- makes the cells appear red
RBC: hemoglobin allowing them to transport oxygen throught the body about 50%
WBC: infection fighting cells 1% of volume
-platelets help in blood clotting less than 1%
Plasma protein rich liquid that carries the blood cells along (about 50%)

5. The Blood White Blood Cells (WBC) – (infection-fighting cells)
-less than 1% of the volume of blood
-the only blood cell with a nucleus
Platelets – (blood clotting cells)
-less than 1% of the blood
Plasma – (protein-rich liquid)
-about 55% of blood’s volume
RBC: hemoglobin allowing them to transport oxygen throught the body about 50%
WBC: infection fighting cells 1% of volume
-platelets help in blood clotting less than 1%
Plasma protein rich liquid that carries the blood cells along (about 50%)

6. Circulation of Blood Throughout the Body
Things to label
Arteries
Veins
Lungs
Co2, o2
Heart
Capillaries o2 out co2 in

7. The Blood Vessels There are 3 types of blood vessels:
Arteries carry oxygenated blood away. Arteries are thicker than the other vessels
Veins carry deoxygenated blood toward the heart. Blood is at lower pressure – walls are not as thick
Arteries carry blood away. Because the heart generates a lot of pressure when pumping blood through the body the walls of the arteries are thicker than the other vessels
Veins carry blood toward the heart.
-arteries and veins are linked together by capillaries
Capillaries is where the gas exchange occurs. Oxygen from the lungs diffuses from the blood to the surrounding tisuesa dn Co2 and other wastes pass from the body to the blood to be carried out for disposal

8. The Blood Vessels
Capillaries is where the gas exchange occurs. They are very thin & narrow. O2 diffuses from the blood to the surrounding tissues and CO2 and other wastes pass from the body to the blood to be carried out for disposal.
Arteries carry blood away. Because the heart generates a lot of pressure when pumping blood through the body the walls of the arteries are thicker than the other vessels
Veins carry blood toward the heart.
-arteries and veins are linked together by capillaries
Capillaries is where the gas exchange occurs. Oxygen from the lungs diffuses from the blood to the surrounding tisuesa dn Co2 and other wastes pass from the body to the blood to be carried out for disposal

9. The Heart
composed of:
cardiac muscle tissue, nerve tissue, connective tissue and epithelial tissue
cardiac muscle tissue undergoes contractions & conducts electrical impulses
frequency of heart beat (heart rate) depends on your physical activity level and other factors (stress, general health, etc).
Regulated by nerve tissue.
Did you know…
Your circulatory system is about 95,000 km long
Your heart beats more than 2.5 billion times in the average lifetime
the human heart creates enough pressure when it pumps to squirt blood 30 feet.
Cardiac muscle; unlike other muscle tissue in the body contracts all at the same time. This allows the blood to be pumped out at regulated rate

10. The Heart
muscles & nerves are covered by a smooth layer of epithelial tissue
reduces friction & protects the heart from damage when the lungs expand and contract.
inner surface is lined with epithelial tissue to allow the blood to flow freely.
Did you know…
Your circulatory system is about 95,000 km long
Your heart beats more than 2.5 billion times in the average lifetime
the human heart creates enough pressure when it pumps to squirt blood 30 feet.
Cardiac muscle; unlike other muscle tissue in the body contracts all at the same time. This allows the blood to be pumped out at regulated rate

12. Path of Blood in the Heart
blood is collected in the atria (plural of atrium) via veins
atria walls contract, blood is pumped from the atria to the ventricles via opened atrio-ventricular (AV) valves
semi-lunar valves are closed to prevent blood from flowing to arteries while the ventricle fills up with blood
ventricle walls contract, causing rise in blood pressure

13. Path of Blood in the Heart
high blood pressure cause AV valves to close to prevent back flow of blood to atria
high blood pressure also cause semi-lunar valves to open to allow blood to be pumped from ventricles to arteries
as blood leaves ventricles, pressure inside the ventricles drop and ventricles stop contracting
the semi-lunar valves close to prevent back flow of blood from arteries to ventricles

14. Diseases and Disorders of the Circulatory System
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Coronary arteries provide blood to the heart muscle tissue itself
Can be blocked with plaque – a deposit of fat, cholesterol, calcium, etc.
Plaque buildup can be caused by inherited genetic information, poor lifestyle choices, i.e. high-fat diet, smoking, lack of exercise.
Symptoms – tiredness, dizziness, pain or a burning in chest & arms
can be diagnosed with the aid of an angiogram (X-ray), a fluorescent dye is injected into the bloodstream

15. Diseases and Disorders of the Circulatory System
Heart Attack
Coronary arteries become blocked by plaque or a blood clot
Heart muscle cells no longer receive the O2 or nutrients
Heart stops pumping, heart tissue dies
Symptoms: chest pain or pressure, shortness of breath, nausea, anxiety, upper body pain, abdominal or stomach pain, sweating, dizziness, unusual fatigue
Requires immediate medical attention
Can be diagnosed with a blood test (looks for certain proteins that are only present when cardiac muscle dies) and an electrocardiogram, ECG (measures the electrical signals created by the heart as it beats)

16. Homework
Read pg
“Circulatory System Package”