1. AIM: how do the parts of the compound light microscope work?
DO NOW: Explain what happens to the magnification and the field of view when we switch from the high power to low power objective
HOMEWORK:

2. The compound light microscope

3. 7R%20microscopes.ppt

4. Monday 10/6/14 AIM: What are the different types of microscopes?
DO NOW: What is another name for the ocular lens and what is its function?
Homework: Textbook read pages Explain the function of the diaphragm. Explain the proper handling of the microscope

5. What are some things learned by the development of the microscope?
The microscope has allowed us to view things that we can not see with our naked eye:
EX: cells, bacteria, virus’, DNA, cell parts, algae, protozoa, bacteria, fungus

6. In your notebooks draw the letter K how you see it and then how it would be seen under the compound light microscope K

7. Micro Micro: unable to be seen with the naked eye.
Micro Unit is or 1/1,000,000 or
Smaller than a standard unit
There are 1 million micrometers in 1 meter
Micro (u) is only used when measuring under the microscope
1 millimeter=1,000 micrometers
Standard Unit M G L
Deci
Centi
Milli
Micro

8. The compound light microscope

9. Types of Microscopes Light Microscopes Electron Microscopes
Simple or compound
Electron Microscopes
Scanning or transmission
Dissecting Microscopes

10. Properties of ANY microscope
Simple: one magnifying lense
Compound: two magnifying lenses
Monocular: one eyepiece
Binocular: two eyepieces

11. Simple vs Compound Microscope

12. Monocular vs Binocular

13. Development of Microscopes
Simple light microscopes 
Compound light microscopes 
Compound electron microscopes
As microscope technology improved new discoveries were made about cell structure

14. Electron Microscopes Most modern microscopes
Use a beam of electrons to make the object extremely bright
Extremely high magnifications are possible up to 1,000,000x
Used to see extremely small details within a cell, can’t see a complete cell

15. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
Scans the surface of a specimen with a beam of electrons
Creates a 3d image
Magnify up to 200,000 times

16. Scanning Electron Microscope

17. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
Beam of electrons transmits through the entire specimen
If electrons can pass through the specimen it creates a light and dark image
Thicker parts of the specimen are darker than thinner parts
Total magnification is 1,000,000 x

18. Transmission Electron Microscope

19. Tuesday 10/7/14
AIM: How does the compound light microscope magnify an image?
DO NOW: In your own words explain the difference of the image created by an SEM and a TEM.
HOMEWORK: Textbook page how do you determine the total magnification of an image?

20. Dissecting Microscope
A simple, binocular, light microscope
Low magnification about 4 X
Does not flip image
Good for seeing 3 dimensional features
Used during dissections and to see fairly large, opaque (non-transparent) objects

21. Dissecting Microscope

22. Light Microscopes Use normal visible light to see the object
Magnification is limited because:
Increases in magnification reduce the brightness of the image
Living materials can be observed
Maximum Mag = 400X – 500x

24. Which microscope produced these images?
Picture A
Picture B
Picture C

25. Wednesday 10/8/14
AIM: How do the properties of the compound light microscope change when we change objective lenses?
DO NOW: Observe the picture. Give the number and name the parts that magnify the image.
HOMEWORK: The microscope handout
HOMEWORK: Handout the microscope

26. Properties of the microscope
1- Magnification
2- Field of view
3- Resolution
4- Depth of field
5- Orientation
6- Brightness

27. Important Characteristics of Microscopes
1. Magnification :
how many times the image is enlarged
on a compound microscope total magnification
= mag of ocular X mag of objective used

28. Magnification of a Dime

29. Magnification
Unless you are told otherwise, the magnification of the ocular lense is always 10X
Total magnification of an image viewed can be calculated
Magnification of the ocular lens x magnification of the objective lens being used

31. Total Magnification
Low power
Medium power
High power

32. Microscope
How would you determine total magnification on this microscope?

33. NAME:________ DATE:_____
1- Give the number and name of the part or parts that magnify the image.
2- Name and give the function of part 7.

34. What is the power of an objective being used if the total magnification is 150?

35. What are the six properties of the compound light microscope?

36. Properties of the microscope
1- Magnification
2- Field of view
3- Resolution
4- Depth of field
5- Orientation
6- Brightness

37. 2. Field of view the area you can see on the slide
as magnification increases field of view decreases

38. What happens to the field of view as magnification increases?

39. 2- Field of view

40. Magnification and field of view
As magnification increases, we are zooming in on the specimen
This causes field of view to decrease
So you see less area but with greater detail.

41. 3. Resolution or Resolving Power
ability to see details
Ability to determine 2 points as being separate
depends mainly on magnification,
also depends on proper focusing and lighting
As we increase magnification, we increase resolution

42. Resolution
Resolution = Sharpness

43. 3- Resolution

45. 4. Depth of field thickness of the zone that is in focus
as magnification increases depth of field
decreases

46. Thursday 10/9/14
AIM: how do the parts of the microscope help us to investigate the unseen world?
DO NOW: 1- What are some of the limitations of the light microscope?
2- List the 3 types of microscopes we discussed?
Homework: Textbook page 583: Why would you stain a slide?

47. 5. Brightness decreases Adjust the diaphragm as needed
as magnification increases, brightness
decreases
Adjust the diaphragm as needed
High power needs larger diaphragm opening

48. Diaphragm or iris diaphragm
Located underneath the stage
Metal disk
Different sized holes
Regulates the amount of light that enters the slide
Smaller holes= less light
Larger holes= more light

49. 6. Orientation e e position of the image
compound microscopes flips image upside down and backwards
Image moves in the opposite direction as you move it
If you physically move the slide up it looks like it is moving down
If you physically move it left it looks like it is moving right
Slide position Image e e

50. In order to center this object, in what direction should you move the slide?

51. AIM: what are some of the properties of the compound light microscope?
DO NOW: 1- take out your handouts and your tables from last week
2- Explain the difference between the light and electron microscope
Homework: Textbook Review pages Explain how you would fix a slide that is unclear. If the slide is blurry what are you going to do to fix it?

52. AIM: How does the image change when I change objectives of the compound light microscope?
DO NOW: 1- Explain what happens to the field of view and resolution when I switch from high to low power.
Homework: Have fun be safe and careful

53. Question 1
What type of microscope produced the image below?

54. 2- What type of microscope produced the image below?

55. 3- Name the microscope that produced the image below

56. 4- what type of microscope made the image below?

57. For questions 5-8, give the total magnification of the microscope.
5- dissecting microscope
6- compound light microscope
7- scanning electron microscope
8- transmission electron microscope

58. 9- Why are some parts of the image below darker than other parts?

59. 10-List the order of the development of microscopes

60. List the properties of a compound light microscope

61. Properties of the microscope
1- Magnification
2- Field of view
3- Resolution
4- Depth of field
5- Orientation
6- Brightness

62. How can you determine which parts of an image are on the top of the specimen.

63. AIM: How do the parts of the compound light microscope help us view a microscopic world?
DO NOW: Take out your microscope handout.
2- List ALL of the properties of the compound light microscope.
HOMEWORK: 2- Microscope handout

64. AIM:How do the properties of a microscope change when we change objective lenses?
DO NOW: 1- Take out all 3 handouts.
2- Explain the difference between a light microscope and an electron microscope.
3- If the total magnification of a light microscope is 250 x, what is the power of the objective lens being used. SHOW YOUR WORK!!!!!!!!!!
Homework: Read page 582 thoroughly. Be prepared for a quiz on the parts and functions of the compound light microscope

65. Properties of the microscope
1- Magnification
2- Field of view
3- Resolution
4- Depth of field
5- Orientation
6- Brightness

66. AIM: How can we focus a slide when using the compound light microscope
DO NOW: 1- Take out all 3 handouts from yesterday.
2- If you are viewing a slide under a 50 power objective, what is the total magnification of the image?
3- If the total magnification of an image is 950 and the magnification of the ocular lens is 15, what is the power of the objective being used?

67. AIM: What is the difference between a prepared and a wet mount slide?
DO NOW: 1- Take out ALL microscope handouts.
2- List at least 5 important findings made by the invention of the compound light microscope.
EX: All living things are made up of cells

68. HOMEWORK: complete the following table In YOUR OWN WORDS
THE COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE
STRUCTURE FUNCTION
1- body tube
2- revolving nosepiece
3- low power objective lens
4- medium power obj lens
5- high pwr obj lens
6- stage clips
7- diaphragm
8- light source
9- ocular or eyepiece
10-arm

69. In order to center this object, in what direction should you move the slide?

70. Friday 10/10/14 AIM: how do we prepare a wet mount slide?
DO NOW: Why is it important to center an image before switching from low to high power?
How should the diaphragm be changed when we switch from low to high power?
HOMEWORK: In your own words, explain how the diaphragm needs to be changed when you switch from high to low power

71. Steps to view a slide 1-Start with the low power objective
2- Adjust diaphragm
3- Use the coarse adjustment to focus the image
4- Make sure the image is centered
5- Switch to the high power objective
6- Adjust diaphragm
7- Use the fine adjustment to focus detail

72. Searching Always start your search at low power because:
field of view is much larger
depth of field is thicker

73. Centering 1. To center an object, move the slide:
in the opposite direction that you want the image to move in.
2. Always center at low before switching to high power because:
*If you don’t the object will not be within high power field of view.

74. How is a prepared slide different from a wet mount slide?

75. Wet Mount Image What do you notice about the angle?
Why is this important?

76. Making a wet mount slide
1- Collect sample from a container
2- add the specimen to your slide
3- Diagonally place coverslip over your sample
What angle should you drop the coverslip?
Why do you diagonally drop the coverslip?

77. What do you think about staining?
Unstained Cheek Cells vs.. Stained Cheek Cells

78. Staining
Stains are used to highlight specific features of cell structure
Some stains may damage or kill the cells that absorb them.
Some stains cause changes in the structure
of the cell
Methylene blue and Lugol’s Iodine Solution are frequently used to stain cells

80. How to Add Stain to An Existing Wet Mount Slide
1. Place a drop of stain on the slide near one end of the cover slip
2. Place a piece of absorbent paper at the opposite end of the cover slip
3. The paper will absorb water from underneath the cover slip and the stain will move under the cover slip to replace the water.

81. Adding Stain to Existing Wet Mount

82. In order to center this object, in what direction should you move the slide?

83. Microdissection
Using specialized tools to perform “microsurgery” on cells, while they are being observed through a microscope
Can be used to:
remove the nucleus from a cell
inject materials into a cell
reconnect portions of damaged cells
reconnect nerves, blood vessels, muscles and tendons after an injury
collect eggs from a woman’s ovary

84. Zygote & Early Embryo stage (wheat)
Microdissection
Zygote & Early Embryo stage (wheat)

85. Onion Cells 100x x

86. Stained Onion Cell