1. Happy Thursday 09-18-2014  On your desk: Research/Experiment notes,  1 sheet of paper, pen/cil  Warm-up (write on your paper)  In an experiment, what is the difference between the Independent and Dependent Variable?

2. agenda  Ethics in Psychological Research.  Notes/ Discussion  Famous Psychological Experiments….  Video clips, ethics discussion

3. Experimental Procedure ( Take notes on the back of your chart) Experiments are the only type of research that can reveal a Cause  Effect relationship

4. Classic experiment  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xOYLCy 5PVgM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xOYLCy 5PVgM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xOYLCy 5PVgM http://www.discovery.com/tv- shows/curiosity/videos/the-milgram- experiment.htm

5. Parts of an experiment..  Hypothesis-  Independent Variable-  Dependent Variable-  Subjects-  Sample-  Experimental Group-  Control Group-

6.  Hypothesis – a statement of the results that the experimenter expects – not what he/she already knows – must be made prior to testing

7. Example Experiment: Insomnia vs. Sleeping Pills Example Experiment: Insomnia vs. Sleeping Pills  Hypothesis – If X number of sleeping pills helps the otherwise healthy person with insomnia then they will sleep better

8.  Independent variables – the factor that the experimenter manipulates or changes in a study  Dependent Variables – the factor in a study that changes or varies as a result of changes in the independent variables – the results

9. Insomnia. vs. Sleeping Pills  Independent variable –one group – sleeping pills –two group – placebo  Dependent Variable –sleep results (can vary) – better, worse, or same amount of sleep

10.  Subjects – people or animals on whom the experiment is conducted –Assigned randomly to groups  Sample – a group that represents a larger population

11. Insomnia. vs. Sleeping Pills  Subjects – two groups similar in physical health, age and sleep patterns

12.  Experimental Group – the group on which the critical part of the experiment is performed  Control Group – the group that doesn’t participate in the critical part of the experiment

13. Insomnia. vs. Sleeping.Pills  Control Group – get placebo  Experimental Group – get sleeping pills

14.  Placebo – “fake medicine” – has no active ingredients and works by the power of suggestion Pirin Tablets

15. Insomnia. vs. Sleeping Pills  Results –hypothesis rejected –Subjects won’t sleep better –Have insomnia worse – less restful  Interferes with dreams because without dreams sleep loses “curative effect”

16. Practice Time…  Now its your turn to set up an experiment  On your own or with one nearby partner, you must show understanding of the parts of an experiment by following the steps of a given experimental scenario.  Quiz Grade.  When finished, work on Chapter 2 ID’s

17. 17 FAQ Q1. Can laboratory experiments illuminate everyday life? Ans: Artificial laboratory conditions are created to study behavior in simplistic terms. The goal is to find underlying principles that govern behavior.

18. 18 FAQ Q2. Does behavior depend on one’s culture? Ans: Even when specific attitudes and behaviors vary across cultures, as they often do, the underlying processes are much the same. Ami Vitale/ Getty Images

19. 19 FAQ Q3. Does behavior vary with gender? Ans: Yes. Biology determines our sex, and culture further bends the genders. However, in many ways woman and man are similarly human.

20. 20 FAQ Q4. Why do psychologists study animals? Ans: Studying animals gives us the understanding of many behaviors that may have common biology across animals and humans. D. Shapiro, © Wildlife Conservation Society

21. 21 FAQ Q5. Is it ethical to experiment on animals? Ans: Yes. To gain insights to devastating and fatal diseases. All researchers who deal with animal research are required to follow ethical guidelines in caring for these animals.

22. ETHICS….  What are ethics?  Methods of conduct or standards for proper and responsible behavior.  Examples of ethics in psychological research:  Confidentiality  Dignity and welfare of participants  All state and federal laws obeyed  Providing participants with accurate information

23. Ethics study…copy 1-6 on your paper.  1. Little Albert  2. Milgram Shock Treatment  3. Asch Conformity  4. Bystander Effect  5. Brown eyed Blue eyed  6. Stanford Prison  For each of these famous experiments, do you notice any ethical violations? 

24. http://mentalfloss.com/article/52787/10- famous-psychological-experiments-could- never-happen-today

25. The HUMAN BRAIN….

26. TED Talk---  http://www.ted.com/talks/suzana_herculano _houzel_what_is_so_special_about_the_hu man_brain http://www.ted.com/talks/suzana_herculano _houzel_what_is_so_special_about_the_hu man_brain http://www.ted.com/talks/suzana_herculano _houzel_what_is_so_special_about_the_hu man_brain  Write down 2 ideas/questions/facts from the TED talk on your paper