1. Retirement Transitions in Japan by Clark, Matsukura and Ogawa Discussant Comments Joseph F. Quinn Boston College Department of Economics October 10, 2014

8. Population projections for U.S.

9. Population projections for Japan

12. Labor Force Status by Year, 1992 to 2012, Men HRS Core Men with a Full-Time Career Job since Age 50 Source: Author’s calculations based on the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). A full-time career job is defined as one that consists of at least 10 years of tenure and 1,600 or more hours per year.

13. Labor Force Status by Year, 1992 to 2012, Women HRS Core Women with a Full-Time Career Job since Age 50 Source: Author’s calculations based on the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). A full-time career job is defined as one that consists of at least 10 years of tenure and 1,600 or more hours per year.

14. Current Employment Status in 2012, by Gender HRS Core Respondents with a Full-Time Career Job since Age 50 Source: Author’s calculations based on the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). A full-time career job is defined as one that consists of at least 10 years of tenure and 1,600 or more hours per year.

15. Bridge Job Prevalence by Age Group HRS Core Respondents On a Full-Time Career Job in 1992 Source: Author’s calculations based on the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). A full-time career job is defined as one that consists of at least 10 years of tenure and 1,600 or more hours per year. Men Women

16. Bridge Job Prevalence by Health Status HRS Core Respondents On a Full-Time Career Job in 1992 Source: Author’s calculations based on the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). A full-time career job is defined as one that consists of at least 10 years of tenure and 1,600 or more hours per year. Men Women

17. Bridge Job Prevalence by Wage Group HRS Core Respondents On a Full-Time Career Job in 1992 Source: Author’s calculations based on the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). A full-time career job is defined as one that consists of at least 10 years of tenure and 1,600 or more hours per year. Men Women

18. Transitions Into and From Self Employment as of 2012 HRS Core Respondents on a Full-Time Career Job in 1992 (horizontal percentages and ratios) Source: Author’s calculations based on the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). A full-time career job is defined as one that consists of at least 10 years of tenure and 1,600 or more hours per year.

19. Percent Self-Employed among those Working, by Gender, 1992 to 2012 HRS Core Respondents On a Full-Time Career Job in 1992 Source: Author’s calculations based on the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). A full-time career job is defined as one that consists of at least 10 years of tenure and 1,600 or more hours per year.

20. First Transitions from Career Jobs and Hours Reductions as of 2012 HRS Core Respondents On a Full-Time Career Job in 1992, by Gender and Employment Status (horizontal percentages and ratios) Source: Author’s calculations based on the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). A full-time career job is defined as one that consists of at least 10 years of tenure and 1,600 or more hours per year.

22. First Transitions from Career Jobs by 2012 HRS Core Respondents On a Full-Time Career Job in 1992, by Gender and Age (horizontal percentages and ratios) Source: Author’s calculations based on the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). A full-time career job is defined as one that consists of at least 10 years of tenure and 1,600 or more hours per year.

23. First Transitions from Career Jobs by 2012 HRS Core Respondents On a Full-Time Career Job in 1992, by Gender and Health Status (horizontal percentages and ratios) Source: Author’s calculations based on the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). A full-time career job is defined as one that consists of at least 10 years of tenure and 1,600 or more hours per year.

24. First Transitions from Career Jobs by 2012 HRS Core Respondents with a Full-Time Career Job in 1992, by Gender and Wage Rate (horizontal percentages and ratios) Source: Author’s calculations based on the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). A full-time career job is defined as one that consists of at least 10 years of tenure and 1,600 or more hours per year.

25. Percent Self-Employed among those Working in Nonagricultural Industries, 2002 to 2013 Source: BLS Employment and Earnings. Incorporated self-employed workers are classified as wage-and-salary workers.