1. The Human Body in Health and Disease
Chapter 2

2. Anatomic Reference Systems
Describe the location and functions of body parts using:
Body planes
Body directions
Body cavities
Structural units
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3. Anatomic Reference Systems
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4. Anatomic Reference Systems
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5. Anatomic Reference Systems
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6. Anatomic Reference Systems
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7. Anatomic Reference Systems
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8. Anatomic Reference Systems
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9. Cytology
The study of the formation, structure, and function of cells, including:
Chromosomes
DNA
Genetics
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10. Cytology
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11. Histology
The study of tissues, which are composed of cells that join together to perform specific functions, including:
Stem cells
Epithelial tissues
Connective tissues
Muscle tissue

12. Glands
Specialized cells that secrete material used elsewhere in the body, including:
Exocrine glands
Endocrine glands
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13. Glands
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14. Organ and Body Systems
Body parts are organized into systems according to function.
Examples:
Skeletal system
Muscular system
Cardiovascular system

15. Pathology
The study of structural and functional changes caused by disease.

16. Key Word Parts and Definitions
aden/o
gland
adip/o
fat
anter/o
before, front
caud/o
lower part of body, tail
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17. Key Word Parts and Definitions
cephal/o
head
cyt/o, -cyte
cell
end-, endo-
in, within, inside
exo-
out of, outside, away from
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18. Key Word Parts and Definitions
hist/o, histi/o
tissue
-ologist
specialist
-ology
the science or study of
path/o, -pathy
disease, suffering, feeling, emotion
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19. Key Word Parts and Definitions
plas/i, plas/o, -plasia
development, growth, formation
poster/o
behind, toward the back
-stasis, -static
control, maintenance of a constant level

20. Questions to Get You Thinking

21. Question
A chromosome is larger than a gene.
True or False?

22. Answer
True

23. Question
Peas have 14 pairs of chromosomes and pigeons have 80. How many do humans have?
100
145 46

24. Answer
c. 46

25. Question
Stem cells die after a determined life span. True or False?

26. Answer
False. Unlike other cells that die after a determined life span, stem cells can renew themselves through cell division.

27. Question
A communicable disease and a contagious disease are the same thing. True or False

28. Answer
True

29. Answers to Learning Exercises

30. Chapter 2 Answers Matching Word Parts 1 2.1. adip/o 2.2. anter/o
2.3. aden/o
2.4. -ologist
2.5. -ology
Matching Word Parts 2
2.6. cyt/o
2.7. cephal/o
2.8. caud/o
2.9. exo-
2.10. endo-

31. Chapter 2 Answers Matching Word Parts 3 2.11. poster/o 2.12. -stasis
2.13. path/o
plasia
2.15. hist/o
Definitions
2.16. nosocomial infection
2.17. dominant gene
2.18. abdominal cavity
2.19. medial
2.20. adult stem
2.21. phenylketonuria
2.22. adenitis
2.23. parietal peritoneum
2.24. gene
2.25. histology

32. Chapter 2 Answers Matching Regions of the Thorax and Abdomen
2.26. epigastric region
2.27. umbilical region
2.28. hypochondriac region
2.29. hypogastric region
2.30. iliac region
Which Word?
2.31. inguinal
2.32. genetics
2.33. epidemiologist
2.34. exocrine glands
2.35. inferior

33. Chapter 2 Answers Spelling Counts 2.36. mesentery 2.37. hemophilia
2.38. hypertrophy
2.39. epithelial
2.40. anomaly
Abbreviation Identification
2.41. Huntington’s disease
2.42. communicable disease
2.43. general practitioner
2.44. left upper quadrant
2.45. chromosome

34. Chapter 2 Answers Term Selection 2.46. proximal 2.47. posterior
2.48. frontal
2.49. midsagittal
2.50. distal
Sentence Completion
2.51. Down syndrome
2.52. physiology
2.53. thoracic
2.54. iatrogenic
2.55. chromosomes

35. Chapter 2 Answers Word Surgery 2.56. aden, -ectomy 2.57. endo-, -crine
2.58. hist, -ologist
2.59. retro-, periton, -eal
2.60. path, -ologist
2.61. eti-, -ology
2.62. home/o, -stasis
2.63. pan-, dem, -ic
2.64. epi-, gastr, -ic
2.65. idi/o, path, -ic
Clinical Conditions
2.66. epidemic
2.67. functional
2.68. bloodborne
2.69. cytology
2.70. vector borne
2.71. quadrant
2.72. waterborne
2.73. pelvic
2.74. peritonitis
2.75. geneticist

36. Chapter 2 Answers Which Is the Correct Medical Term? 2.76. iliac
2.77. genome
2.78. adenocarcinoma
2.79. loose
2.80. fetal alcohol syndrome
Challenge Word Building
2.81. myoplasty
2.82. myalgia
2.83. gastrosis
2.84. laryngitis
2.85. myectomy
2.86. gastralgia
2.87. laryngectomy
2.88. nephrosis
2.89. neuroplasty
2.90. nephritis

37. Chapter 2 Answers Labeling Exercises 2.91. hypochondriac
2.92. umbilical
2.93. hypogastric
2.94. lumbar
2.95. iliac
2.96. midsagittal
2.97. anterior
2.98. lateral
2.99. posterior
transverse