1. Assessing Community Need and Establishing a Program
Aug 25, 2015
Chapter 2
Assessing Community Need and Establishing a Program
©2013 Cengage Learning.
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2. Aug 25, 2015
Chapter Objectives
List the factors that influence the need for child care.
Name the various types of child care used by families.
Identify information that will help you determine the types of child services needed now and in the future.
©2013 Cengage Learning.
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3. Aug 25, 2015
Chapter Objectives
Use your knowledge of data collection methods and resources for assessing the need for child care in your area.
Compare and contrast mission and values statements.
Use core values to develop values statements.
Describe characteristics of different types of centers.
Starting a center is a challenging and exhausting undertaking. During the early planning stages, a number of concurrent activities interact with one another. The group or individuals driving the formation of a center must assess the need for the program, while developing a program philosophy and determining the type of program that will meet not only their goals but also the needs of the community. It is essential to assess need to be sure that a child care center program will be used and supported by enough families who are looking for child care. At the same time, understanding the importance of having a program philosophy at the outset provides the basis for a quality program. Philosophies are based on the fundamental belief about how children learn and will vary as the founders come to some agreement on that fundamental question. Their answer to the question of how children learn will have an impact on what type of program they will offer. Types of programs also vary in sponsorship, sources of funding, ages of children served, as well as length of day and year-round versus concurrent with the school year. Those interested in starting a child care program must recognize that a great deal of time and energy must be invested prior to the time when financial support will be available and before a program can begin to deliver service to children and families.
©2013 Cengage Learning.
All Rights Reserved.

4. Assessing the Need Needs Assessment includes…
Aug 25, 2015
Assessing the Need
Needs Assessment includes…
number of families and children
socioeconomic level of families
ages of children to be served
type of service families prefer
©2013 Cengage Learning.
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5. Assessing the Need How Do You Find Out About Need? questionnaires
Aug 25, 2015
Assessing the Need
How Do You Find Out About Need?
questionnaires
use of telephone surveys
small-group meetings
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6. Aug 25, 2015
Discussion Question
What do you think are the advantages and disadvantages of using a telephone survey for assessing the need of child care in your target community?
©2013 Cengage Learning.
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7. Determining Program Philosophy
Aug 25, 2015
Determining Program Philosophy
The basis for choosing program philosophy is…
assumptions about how children learn
values of the program planners and families involved
views of the planners regarding basic issues in education
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8. Philosophy: Based on How Children Learn
Aug 25, 2015
Philosophy: Based on How Children Learn
How children learn falls into three major categories
environmental
maturational
interactional
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9. Philosophy: Based on How Children Learn
Aug 25, 2015
Philosophy: Based on How Children Learn
Environmental
Assumes the environment and teachers have the most influence on children’s growth.
Maturational
Assumes there is an internal driving force that leads to child development.
Interactional
Assumes that learning results from the dynamic interaction between the cognitive and affective systems, and the environment.
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10. Philosophy: Content Versus Process
Aug 25, 2015
Philosophy: Content Versus Process
Content subscribers support notion that the goal of education is to provide children with content that enables them to succeed in school.
Focus is on preparing for next step in schooling
Achievement is evaluated by relating each child’s progress to norms or to grade level
Goal of education is upper movement of the child to higher levels of intellectual competency
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11. Philosophy: Content Versus Process
Aug 25, 2015
Philosophy: Content Versus Process
Process subscribers support the notion that problem-solving skills are more important than content mastery.
Autonomy, collaboration, and cooperation are valued
Years in school are considered an integral part of life itself
Major goal of education is for children to become autonomous problem solvers
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12. Philosophy: Content Versus Process
Aug 25, 2015
Philosophy: Content Versus Process
Process subscribers support the notion that problem-solving skills are more important than content mastery (continued).
Schooling is not viewed as either preparation for later school or preparation for life
Achievement is based on the ability to cope with the here and now
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13. Types of Programs Not-for-Profit Individual Cooperative
Aug 25, 2015
Types of Programs
Not-for-Profit
Individual Cooperative
Agency-Sponsored
Government-Sponsored
Public School-Sponsored
Campus Child Care
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14. Types of Programs Privately Sponsored Not-for-Profit
Aug 25, 2015
Types of Programs
Privately Sponsored Not-for-Profit
Profit-Making (Proprietary)
Independent Owner
Corporate Systems
Employer-Sponsored
Military
Family Child Care Homes
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15. Individual Cooperative Programs
Aug 25, 2015
Individual Cooperative Programs
Cooperative programs are often called parent co-ops:
Owned and operated by group
Parents expected to help in classroom
Usually has one or two paid staff members
Costs are kept at a minimum
Tuition is typically lower than in other centers
Most are half-day programs
©2013 Cengage Learning.
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16. Agency-Sponsored Programs
Aug 25, 2015
Agency-Sponsored Programs
Many not-for-profit early childhood education programs are sponsored by community agencies (i.e. church groups, service agencies, United Way)
May be full or half-day enrichment programs
Found in both rural and urban areas
Can serve both low-income and middle-income families
Sometimes receive partial support from sponsor but obtain remaining support from tuition, government funds, and/or grants
©2013 Cengage Learning.
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17. Government-Sponsored Programs
Aug 25, 2015
Government-Sponsored Programs
Head Start is the best known federal government-sponsored program.
Funding for HS may go to public school systems, universities, and public or private not-for-profit agencies
HS programs may be center based or home based
May provide full-time or half-time and usually serves 4 year olds
Early Head Start serves infants/toddlers
©2013 Cengage Learning.
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18. Public School-Sponsored Programs
Aug 25, 2015
Public School-Sponsored Programs
Mostly Pre-K programs and many in public schools
Funded through local or state tax monies or other public funds
Full or half-day programs staffed by people hired through public school
Typically housed in public schools
Practices tend to focus on academic success, school readiness, and standardized testing
©2013 Cengage Learning.
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19. Campus Child Care Programs
Aug 25, 2015
Campus Child Care Programs
Lab schools and child care programs for children of students, faculty, and staff.
Found on college campuses
May be sponsored and subsidized by college/university or by government funds
Provide facilities for research, observation, and teacher training
May be full or half day
Program hours are flexible to accommodate students’ course schedules
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20. Privately Sponsored NFP Programs
Aug 25, 2015
Privately Sponsored NFP Programs
Centers are sponsored by large industries, hospitals, and apartment complexes.
Offer services for the children of their employees and residents
Centers are set up for comfort and convenience of employees and residents
Hours are flexible
Fees may be on a sliding scale
May be a part of the employee benefit package
May have Dependent Care Assistance Program
©2013 Cengage Learning.
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21. Aug 25, 2015
Independent Owner
Program that is owned and operated by an individual or small group.
Tuition is usually the only source of income
Owners frequently have budgeting and financial problems and could receive money from other sources including state funding
©2013 Cengage Learning.
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22. Aug 25, 2015
Independent Owner
Program that is owned and operated by an individual or small group (continued)
Operation rarely makes a profit because of the high cost of operating a quality program
Owning multiple centers can result in quantity buying and shared services that reduced cost per child and increases possibility of making a profit over and above operating expenses
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23. Aug 25, 2015
Corporate Systems
Large child care chains that are operated by a parent company that develops a prototype and sets up a number of centers throughout the state/region or across the nation.
Some companies have gone public
Operate under central administration that furnishes financial background
©2013 Cengage Learning.
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24. Aug 25, 2015
Corporate Systems
Large child care chains that are operated by a parent company that develops a prototype and sets up a number of centers throughout the state/region or across the nation (continued)
Center is publicized by identifiable slogans, logos, brochures, and advertisements
Franchising may fall under this category
Knowledge Learning is an example of a corporate system
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25. Employer-Sponsored Programs
Aug 25, 2015
Employer-Sponsored Programs
The child care center is supported by an employer
Some are operated by large management organizations
May offer subsidized tuition and/or reduced fees
May be able to give employees better wages because of reduced operating costs paid by employer
©2013 Cengage Learning.
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26. Aug 25, 2015
Military Programs
Department of Defense (DOD) operates child care programs at military installations across the country.
Each branch of military operates its own child care services but must follow mandates in Military Child Care Act of 1989
May contract with off-installation centers to guarantee spaces for DOD children
©2013 Cengage Learning.
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27. Aug 25, 2015
Military Programs
Department of Defense (DOD) operates child care programs at military installations across the country (continued)
Financed by a combination of government appropriations and sliding scale parent tuition fees
May be full-day center-based care, part-day preschools, drop-in care, evening and weekend care
©2013 Cengage Learning.
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28. Family Child Care Homes
Aug 25, 2015
Family Child Care Homes
Family child care is where a small group of children is cared for in the home of a child care provider.
Popular for infants and toddlers, but care for all ages including school-age
May be an employee of a system but most often operates independently contracting directly with families
©2013 Cengage Learning.
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29. Chapter Summary Starting a center includes…
Aug 25, 2015
Chapter Summary
Starting a center includes…
conducting a needs assessment
developing a philosophy
Deciding on the type of program operations
Time and energy must be invested before financial support is available and before a program can begin to deliver service to children and families.
©2013 Cengage Learning.
All Rights Reserved.