1. A Living Planet
Chapter 2

2. Vocabulary (break into pairs and look up the definitions for each word)
core
mantle
lava
magma
lithosphere
seismograph

3. Vocabulary Richter Scale Ring of Fire epicenter mechanical weathering
chemical weathering
loess
delta

4. Vocabulary hydrosphere continental shelf moraine continental drift
lithosphere
biosphere
atmosphere

5. The Structure of the Earth
Inside the Earth
Core  center of made up of nickel and iron
Mantle  surrounds the core; several layers; contains most of the earth’s mass
Magma  molten rock found in the mantle
Crust  thin layer of rock at earth’s surface; magma rises through the crust

6. The Structure of the Earth
On and Above the Earth
- atmosphere  layer of gases surrounding the earth; protects earth
- lithosphere  solid rock portion of earth; includes crust and upper mantle
- hydrosphere  bodies of water in the atmosphere as well as rain and precipitation
- biosphere  where plants and animals live

7. The Structure of Earth Continental Drift
The theory that earth was once a supercontinent that divided and slowly drifted apart over millions of years
Called Pangea
They drifted, crashed into each other and split apart several times before settling in their current positions

8. Bodies of Water
Ocean motion- three motions (1) currents, (2) waves, (3) tides
Helps distribute heat on the planet by wind blowing over the ocean which is either heated or cooled by the water then the winds blow over the land and moderate the temperature over the land
Hydrologic cycle- continuous circulation of water
Lakes, rivers and streams
Ground Water- water held in pores of rocks

9. Landforms Oceanic Landforms- landforms found on the sea floor
Continental shelf is located here
Continental Landforms- landforms found on the earth
Relief the difference in elevation of a landform from its lowest point to its highest point
(1) Mountains (2) hills (3) plains (4) plateaus

10. Activity
Draw and color the hydrologic cycle

11. Internal Forces- shaping the earth
Tectonic plates- enormous pieces of the earth’s lithosphere
Plate movement-
(1) divergent boundary- plates move apart, spreads horizontally
(2) convergent boundary- plates collide, causing either one plate to dive under the other or the edges of both plates crumble
(3) transform boundary- plates slide past one another
* Plate movement can cause a fault in the crust which is a crack caused by pressure during plate movement.

12. Tectonic Plates

13. Internal Forces- shaping the earth
Earthquakes are measured with seismopgraphs which measure the waves caused by an earthquake
An earthquake is a sudden release of energy in the form of motion
Richter scale use info from seismographs to determine the relative strength of an earthquake
Tsunami is caused by an earthquake. It is a giant wave that comes from the ocean and it can travel 450 miles per hour with waves feet high
Tsunami’s can occur on shores which are extremely far from the epicenter of an earthquake

14. Internal Forces- shaping the earth
Volcanoes- most volcanoes are found along the tectonic plate boundaries; volcanic ash produces fertile soil
Magma flows out of the earth and spreads across and area and cools. Once it reaches the earth’s surface, it is called lava
Lava can create a hill or mountain
Volcanoes do not erupt on a predictable schedule
Ring of Fire- a zone around the rim of the pacific ocean (p. 37)

15. External Forces- shaping the earth
Weathering
mechanical weathering
chemical weathering

16. External Forces
Erosion
water erosion
wind erosion
glacial erosion

17. External Forces Building Soil humus- Soil factors:
(1)- parent material
(2)- relief
(3)- organisms
(4)- climate
(5)- time

18. Practice
Do page 47 #s 1-3 in the Geography Skills section