1. Chapter 6 / Unit 2 Section A Periodic Table of elements Assign #50 pts.

3. Periodic Table Periodic Table – An arrangement of elements showing the repeating pattern of their properties.

4. Periodic Table Periodic Table – An arrangement of elements showing the repeating pattern of their properties. “periodic” means in a regular repeated pattern

5. Periodic Table Periods – The horizontal rows of the periodic table where the properties of the elements change in a pattern from left to right.

6. Periodic Table Periods – The horizontal rows of the periodic table where the properties of the elements change in a pattern from left to right. Periods equal the number of electron shells or energy levels

7. Periodic Table Groups (families) – The vertical columns of the periodic table consisting of elements with similar properties.

8. Periodic Table Groups (families) – The vertical columns of the periodic table consisting of elements with similar properties. Columns equal the number of electrons in the outside shell or orbital (valence electrons)

9. Periodic Table Groups (families) – The vertical columns of the periodic table consisting of elements with similar properties. Columns equal the number of electrons in the outside shell or orbital (valence electrons)

10. Periodic Table Groups (families) – The vertical columns of the periodic table consisting of elements with similar properties. Columns equal the number of electrons in the outside shell or orbital (valence electrons)

13. Metals Metals – All elements that are good conductors of electric current and heat, and also tend to be shiny and bendable.

14. Metals Metals – All elements that are good conductors of electric current and heat, and also tend to be shiny and bendable. The left and center sides of periodic table

15. Metals Metals – All elements that are good conductors of electric current and heat, and also tend to be shiny and bendable. The left and center sides of periodic table

16. Metals Characteristics of Metals – Luster – shiny in appearance Malleable – hammered into thin sheets or shapes Ductile – can be drawn into wires

17. Metals Characteristics of Metals – Luster – shiny in appearance Malleable – hammered into thin sheets or shapes Ductile – can be drawn into wires

18. Metals Characteristics of Metals – Luster – shiny in appearance Malleable – hammered into thin sheets or shapes Ductile – can be drawn into wires

19. Metals Characteristics of Metals – Thermal conductivity – transfer heat Electrical conductivity– transfer electricity

20. Metals Characteristics of Metals – Thermal conductivity – transfer heat Electrical conductivity– transfer electricity

21. Nonmetals Nonmetals – All elements that lack most properties of metals. They are poor conductors of electricity and heat and are dull and brittle.

22. Nonmetals Nonmetals – All elements that lack most properties of metals. They are poor conductors of electricity and heat and are dull and brittle. They make up a small portion of the right side of the periodic table

23. Nonmetals Nonmetals – All elements that lack most properties of metals. They are poor conductors of electricity and heat and are dull and brittle. They make up a small portion of the right side of the periodic table

24. Chemical Families – Semi-metals Semi-metals (metalloids) – Elements between metals and nonmetals that have properties of both metals and nonmetals.

25. Chemical Families – Semi-metals Semi-metals (metalloids) – Elements between metals and nonmetals that have properties of both metals and nonmetals. Many serve as Semiconductors - Substances that can conduct electric current under some conditions but not other conditions.

26. Chemical Families – Semi-metals Semi-metals (metalloids) – Elements between metals and nonmetals that have properties of both metals and nonmetals. Many serve as Semiconductors - Substances that can conduct electric current under some conditions but not other conditions.

27. Representative Elements: Groups 1A – Groups 7A s and p sublevels of highest energy level are not filled. Containing from 1 to 7 valence electrons Li = 1s 2 2s 1 Be = 1s 2 2s 2 B = 1s 2 2s 2 2p 1 C = 1s 2 2s 2 2p 2 N = 1s 2 2s 2 2p 3 O = 1s 2 2s 2 2p 4 F = 1s 2 2s 2 2p 5 Chemical Families

28. Representative Elements: Groups 1A – Groups 7A s and p sublevels of highest energy level are not filled. Containing from 1 to 7 valence electrons Chemical Families

29. Li = 1s 2 2s 1 Be = 1s 2 2s 2 B = 1s 2 2s 2 2p 1 C = 1s 2 2s 2 2p 2 N = 1s 2 2s 2 2p 3 O = 1s 2 2s 2 2p 4 F = 1s 2 2s 2 2p 5 Chemical Families

30. Chemical Families - Metals Alkali Metals – The very reactive metals in Group 1 which react by losing one electron and are so reactive they are never found uncombined only found in compounds.

31. Chemical Families - Metals Alkali Metals – The very reactive metals in Group 1 which react by losing one electron and are so reactive they are never found uncombined only found in compounds.

32. Chemical Families - Metals Alkali Metals – The very reactive metals in Group 1 which react by losing one electron and are so reactive they are never found uncombined only found in compounds.

33. Chemical Families - Metals Alkali Metals – The very reactive metals in Group 1 which react by losing one electron and are so reactive they are never found uncombined only found in compounds.

34. Chemical Families - Metals Alkali Metals – The very reactive metals in Group 1 which react by losing one electron and are so reactive they are never found uncombined only found in compounds. From al aqali meaning “the ashes”

35. Chemical Families - Metals Alkali Metals – The very reactive metals in Group 1 which react by losing one electron and are so reactive they are never found uncombined only found in compounds. From al aqali meaning “the ashes” 1 electron in outside energy level Li = 1s 2 2s 1

36. Chemical Families - Metals Alkali Metals – The very reactive metals in Group 1 which react by losing one electron and are so reactive they are never found uncombined only found in compounds. From al aqali meaning “the ashes” 1 electron in outside energy level Li = 1s 2 2s 1 Na = 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 1

37. Chemical Families - Metals Alkali Metals – The very reactive metals in Group 1 which react by losing one electron and are so reactive they are never found uncombined only found in compounds. Include – Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr

38. Chemical Families - Metals Alkali Earth Metals – The metals in Group 2. They react by losing two electrons and are hard, gray-white, and good conductors.

39. Chemical Families - Metals Alkali Earth Metals – The metals in Group 2. They react by losing two electrons and are hard, gray-white, and good conductors.

40. Chemical Families - Metals Alkali Earth Metals – The metals in Group 2. They react by losing two electrons and are hard, gray- white, and good conductors. 2 electrons in outside energy level Be = 1s 2 2s 2

41. Chemical Families - Metals Alkali Earth Metals – The metals in Group 2. They react by losing two electrons and are hard, gray- white, and good conductors. 2 electrons in outside energy level Be = 1s 2 2s 2

42. Chemical Families - Metals Alkali Earth Metals – The metals in Group 2. They react by losing two electrons and are hard, gray-white, and good conductors. - They include Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Ra

43. Chemical Families – Nonmetals Halogens – The Group 17 (VII A) elements which means “salt forming” and includes fluorine, chlorine, and bromine.

44. Chemical Families – Nonmetals Halogens – The Group 17 (VII A) elements which means “salt forming” and includes fluorine, chlorine, and bromine.

45. Chemical Families – Nonmetals Halogens – The Group 17 (VII A) elements which means “salt forming” and includes fluorine, chlorine, and bromine. All are very reactive and volatile as diatomic substances.

46. Chemical Families – Nonmetals Halogens – The Group 17 (VII A) elements which means “salt forming” and includes fluorine, chlorine, and bromine. All are very reactive and volatile as diatomic substances. F 2, Cl 2, Br 2, I 2

47. Chemical Families – Nonmetals Noble Gases (Inert gases) – The unreactive elements in Group 18 (VIII A) All contain filled outer electron shells.

48. Chemical Families – Nonmetals Noble Gases (Inert gases) – The unreactive elements in Group 18 (VIII A) All contain filled outer electron shells. He = 1s 2 Ne = 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 Ar = 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6

49. Chemical Families – Nonmetals Noble Gases (Inert gases) – The unreactive elements in Group 18 (VIII A) All contain filled outer electron shells. Glow when zapped with electric current

50. Chemical Families – Semi-metals Semi-metals (metalloids) – Elements between metals and nonmetals that have properties of both metals and nonmetals.

51. Chemical Families – Semi-metals Semi-metals (metalloids) – Properties of both metals and nonmetals. Semiconductors - Conduct electric current under some conditions but not other conditions.

52. Chemical Families – Semi-metals Semi-metals (metalloids) – Properties of both metals and nonmetals. Semiconductors - Conduct electric current under some conditions but not other conditions.

53. Chemical Families - Metals Transition Metals – The elements in Group 3 through 12 which include familiar metals such as iron, copper, nickel, silver, and gold.

54. Chemical Families - Metals Transition Metals – The elements in Group 3 through 12 which include familiar metals such as iron, copper, nickel, silver, and gold. Valence electrons in these metals can vary. They are in “transition” from 1 to 3 outside electrons.

55. Chemical Families - Metals Transition Metals – The elements in Group 3 through 12 which include familiar metals such as iron, copper, nickel, silver, and gold. Valence electrons in these metals can vary. They are in “transition” from 1 to 3 outside electrons. These have elements in the d orbital block

56. Chemical Families - Metals Transition Metals – The elements in Group 3 through 12 are not as corrosive or reactive as the Group 1 and 2 metals.

57. Chemical Families - Metals Rare Earth Metals – Any of a large class of chemical elements including scandium (atomic number 21), yttrium (39), and the 15 elements from 57 (lanthanum) to 71 Also called Lanthanides

58. Chemical Families - Metals Rare Earth Metals (Lanthanides)– Any of a large class of chemical elements including scandium (atomic number 21), yttrium (39), and the 15 elements from 57 (lanthanum) to 71 Also called Lanthanides These elements have orbitals in the f block

59. Chemical Families - Metals Rare Earth Metals (Lanthanides)– Any of a large class of chemical elements including scandium (atomic number 21), yttrium (39), and the 15 elements from 57 (lanthanum) to 71 Also called Lanthanides These elements have orbitals in the f block

60. Chemical Families - Metals Rare Earth Metals - Synthetics (Actinide elements) – A series of elements in the periodic table from actinium to lawrencium. Significant largely because of their radioactivity. radioactivity

61. Chemical Families - Metals Rare Earth Metals - Synthetics (Actinide elements) – A series of elements in the periodic table from actinium to lawrencium. Significant largely because of their radioactivity. radioactivity Although the first four, including uranium occur naturally, most are man-made.uranium

62. Chemical Families - Metals Rare Earth Metals - Synthetics (Actinide elements) – A series of elements in the periodic table from actinium to lawrencium. Significant largely because of their radioactivity. radioactivity Although the first four, including uranium occur naturally, most are man-made.uranium

63. Atomic radius Atomic radius is a measure of the size of its atoms, usually the mean or typical distance from the nucleus to the boundary of the surrounding cloud of electronsnucleuselectrons

64. Atomic radius Atomic radius is a measure of the size of its atoms, usually the mean or typical distance from the nucleus to the boundary of the surrounding cloud of electronsnucleuselectrons

65. Atomic radius Atomic radii vary in a predictable manner across the periodic table. The radii generally decrease along each period (row) of the table, from the alkali metals to the noble gases; and increase down each group (column). periodic tablealkali metalsnoble gases

66. Atomic radius Atomic radii vary in a predictable manner across the periodic table. The radii generally decrease along each period (row) of the table, from the alkali metals to the noble gases; and increase down each group (column).periodic tablealkali metalsnoble gases

67. Electronegativity Electronegativity, describes the tendency of an atom or a functional group to attract electrons (or electron density) towards itself. atom functional groupelectrons electron density

68. An atom’s electronegativity is affected by both its atomic number and the distance that its valence electrons reside from the charged nucleus. atomic number valence electrons Electronegativity