1. Cell Differentiation

2. Learning Objectives  Describe the process of differentiation.  Define stem cells and explain their importance.  Identify the possible benefits and issues relating to stem cell research.

3. Defining Differentiation During the development of an organism, cells differentiate to become. specialized Store sugar Transport materials Carry out photosynthesis

4. Mapping Differentiation 2 5 = 2 ? = 32 2828 256

5. What Are Stem Cells? Stem cells are the cells from which differentiated cells develop. Totipotent: “can do everything” Pluripotent: “can do most things” unspecialized

6. Embryonic Stem Cells embryonic stem cells

7. Adult Stem Cells Multipotent: “can do many things” Give rise to limited number of cell types Mainly found in bone marrow, hair follicles Also some in brain, heart, and skeletal muscle

8. Regenerative Medicine Undifferentiated cells are used to repair or replace damaged cells and tissues.

9. Ethical Issues Human adult stem cell research is rarely controversial because of willing donors. Human embryonic stem cell research is controversial because arguments for and against involve ethical issues of life and death.

10. Cellular Reprogramming Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPS) May ultimately help society reframe the debate over use of stem cells Dr. Shinya Yamanaka

11. Student Worksheet Answers