1. Chapter 5 AC-to-AC Converters 1 “Introduction to Modern Power Electronics”, 2 nd Ed., John Wiley 2010 by Andrzej M. Trzynadlowski

2. Single-phase ac voltage controller Chapter 52 Fig. 5.1

3. Chapter 53 Fig. 5.2

4. Chapter 5 4 Fig. 5.3

5. Operation of a single-phase ac voltage controller with (a) single-pulse gate signal, (b) multipulse gate signal Chapter 55 Fig. 5.4

6. Definition of a control angle Chapter 56 Fig. 5.5

7. Chapter 57 Fig. 5.6

8. Fully controlled three-phase ac voltage controller Chapter 58 Fig. 5.7

9. Voltage and current distribution in a fully controlled three-phase ac voltage controller: (a) two triacs conducting, (b) three triacs conducting Chapter 59 Fig. 5.8

10. Chapter 510 Fig. 5.9

11. Polarities of output voltages and currents in a fully controlled three-phase ac voltage controller in mode 2 before firing triac TA (solid line) and following the firing (broken line) Chapter 511 Fig. 5.10

12. Chapter 512 Fig. 5.11

13. Chapter 513 Fig. 5.12

14. Chapter 514 Fig. 5.13

15. Three-phase ac voltage controllers connected before the load: (a) half-controlled, (b) delta- connected Chapter 515 Fig. 5.14

16. Three-phase ac voltage controllers connected after the load: (a) wye-connected, (b) delta- connected Chapter 516 Fig. 5.15

17. Three-phase four-wire ac voltage controller Chapter 517 Fig. 5.16

18. Single-phase ac chopper with an input filter Chapter 518 Fig. 5.17

19. Waveforms of voltages and currents in a single- phase ac chopper: (a) output voltage and current, (b) input voltage and current after the input filter, and the fundamental output current Chapter 519 Fig. 5.18

20. Control characteristic of an ac chopper Chapter 520 Fig. 5.19

21. Wye-connected three-phase ac choppers: (a) three-wire, (b) four wire Chapter 521 Fig. 5.20

22. Delta-connected three-phase ac chopper Chapter 522 Fig. 5.21

23. Changes in the firing angle in a cycloconverter Chapter 523 Fig. 5.22

24. Chapter 524 Fig. 5.23

25. Three-phase three-pulse cycloconverter Chapter 525 Fig. 5.24

26. Three-phase six-pulse cycloconverter with isolated phase loads Chapter 526 Fig. 5.25

27. Three-phase six-pulse cycloconverter with interconnected phase loads Chapter 527 Fig. 5.26

28. Three-phase to three-phase (3  -3  ) matrix converter Chapter 528 Fig. 5.27

29. Arrangement of 3  -1  and 1  -3  matrix converters, equivalent to a 3  -3  matrix converter Chapter 529 Fig. 5.28

30. State AAB as realized by activation od switches in (a) virtual rectifier and inverter, (b) matrix converter Chapter 530 Fig. 5-29

31. Reference current vector in the vector space of input currents of the virtual rectifier Chapter 531 Fig. 5-30

32. Reference voltage vector in the vector space of line-to-neutral output voltages of the virtual inverter Chapter 532 Fig. 5-31

33. Chapter 533

34. Chapter 534 Fig. 5-32

35. Bidirectional semiconductor power switches: (a) two IGBTs and two diodes, (b) one IGBT and four diodes Chapter 535 Fig. 5-33

36. Chapter 536

37. Switching signals for individual switches in a matrix converter in Example 5.4 Chapter 537 Fig. 5-34