1. Cellular Transport Start Here

2. Transport Factors (Types) 1. Passive Transport a) Diffusion b) Osmosis 2. Active Transport a) Carrier Proteins b) Endocytosis 1) Pinocytosis Pinocytosis 2) Phagocytosis Phagocytosis c) Exocytosis 1) Secretory Vesicles 2) Excretory Vacuoles Excretory Vacuoles

3. Diffusion Osmosis Diffusion is the tendency of objects in high concentration (state of order) to flow to an area of low concentration (state of disorder). Facilitative Transport --> transport proteinstransport proteins Osmosis is diffusion through a semipermeable membrane. semipermeable membrane. Hypotonic--H 2 O low inside Hypotonic--H 2 O low inside Hypertonic-- H 2 O high inside Hypertonic-- H 2 O high inside Isotonic-- H 2 O equal on inside/outside Isotonic-- H 2 O equal on inside/outside Home

4. Active Transport Ion assisted transport Molecules or ions help the substance getting transported to get across the membrane. Ion assisted transport Receptor Site (gate) assisted transport The shape and attractions of the receptor (gate) help the substance getting transported to get across the membrane. Receptor Site (gate) assisted transport Energy assisted transport Energy to help transport substances is received from ATP, helping the substance getting transported to get across the membrane. Energy assisted transport Home

5. Semipermeable Membrane Smaller molecules are free to pass through the membrane equally in both directions. Diffusion Rules! Larger molecules are not free (or are greatly slowed down) to pass through the membrane in either direction. Home

6. Transport Protein (facilitative) Home

7. ATP energy assist Sodium (Na) and Potassium (K) are at equilibrium (diffusion). This nerve cell would be inactive. The receptor site (sodium pump) collects sodium (Na) ions. ATP activated the “sodium” pump. Sodium gets transported against the diffusion gradient and potassium (K) load onto the carrier molecule and go inside the cell Home

8. Hypertonic Solution The solutes on the outside of the cell are in higher concentrations, water is in low concentration. The concentration of water is higher inside the cell. The result is that water flows ________ the cell. Home

9. Isotonic Solutions The concentration of solute is equal on both sides of the cell. The concentration of water is equal on both sides of the cell. The flow of water is ______.

10. Hypotonic Solutions Concentrations of solutes are greater inside the cell, water concentration is lower Concentrations of water are higher outside the cell. The result is that water flows _______ the cell.

11. Pinocytosis Molecules come in contact with the cell’s bilipid layer. The bilipid layer responds by folding in. The substance is completely surrounded by the cell membrane, which goes into the cell. The cell membrane breaks up and the molecules are now inside the cell. Home

12. Phagocytosis Similar to pinocytosis but often involves larger molecules. Note that cell membrane becomes a food vacuole that remains intact. After digestion the food vacuole becomes a excretory vesicle. Home