1. Immune System

2. Protection against Pathogens
Diseases are caused by microorganisms.
Microorganism – tiny living things, many one celled
Called Pathogens
Read pages

4. Lines of Defense Body has 2 lines of defense
First = keeps pathogens out
Second = detects and destroys pathogens

5. First Line of Defense
Skin = barrier between your body and the environment
Keeps pathogens OUT
Reading page 568

6. Sweat Glands EXCRETE salts that help kill bacteria on skin
Tears wash pathogens out of eyes
Also contain salt

7. Nose hair filters pathogens out of the air you inhale.
Mucus and cilia trap also trap pathogens.

8. Stomach Acids kill pathogens that enter your body in food

9. Second Line of Defense
White blood cells – fight pathogens that get through the first line
Types of white blood cell s used in 2nd defense:
Phagocytes – swallow and destroy pathogens
Page 569

10. Third Line of Defense Attacks specific pathogens
Involves phagocytes, T-Cells, and B-cells (types of white blood cell)
Page 570

11. B-Cells: Make Antibodies
T-Cells: ATTACK
B-Cells: Make Antibodies
Antibodies – proteins made by the body to kill a specific pathogen
Page 571 figure 7

12. Immunity Immunity – bodies ability to protects itself from disease
Two Types
Active
Passive
576 top paragraph

13. Active Immunity
Active Immunity – Develops after exposure to a pathogen
Immune system is prepared to respond when it sees the pathogen again
Two ways:
Get the disease
Vaccine – small dose of weakened pathogen introduced to body

14. Passive Immunity
Passive Immunity – Antibodies made by one organism are transferred to another organism
Acquired:
before birth, mother to baby
Vaccines with Antibodies
Rabies
Page 580

15. Why might frequent hand washing help protect your from disease
Why might frequent hand washing help protect your from disease? What are some other ways your could protect yourself and other people from disease?

16. Immune System: Lesson Review
By which process can a person acquire active immunity to a disease?
A. Injection with antibodies
B. Treatment with antibiotics
C. Vaccination
D. Following Sanitary Procedures

17. Immune System: Lesson Review
2. Which substance is involved in both active immunity and passive immunity?
A. Antibiotic
B. Antibody
C. Vaccine
D. Mucus

18. Immune System: Lesson Review
3. How do phagocytes protect the body from disease?
A. They produce white blood cells
B. They engulf and kill pathogens
C. They produce T and B cells
D. They prevent pathogens from entering the body

19. Immune System: Lesson Review
4. Your mother is worried because she heard that the chickenpox vaccine your baby brother is going to receive is actually a weakened form of a viral disease. How do you explain to her that being injected with the disease will actually help protect your brother?