1. Work participation among youth and adolescents ( NSS lens) Smt. Jeyalakshmi sekhar 17 July 2014

2. Economic activity Any activity resulting in production of goods and services that add value to national product is considered an economic activity Production of all goods and services for market for pay or profit including those of Government services, production of primary commodities for own consumption and own account production of fixed assets are taken as Economic activities in NSS EU (employment unemployment) surveys. Processing of primary products for own consumption was not considered as economic activity in NSS surveys

3. Activity status Three broad activity statuses  working (engaged in economic activity)  Not engaged in economic activity (work) but seeking work or available for work  Not engaged in any economic activity and also not available for work First two together define labour force while the last category is considered not in labour force. First category is employed and second is unemployed.

4. Decision on activity status During reference period if more than one activity is obtained for a person, the decided category is based on the major time criterion (In usual status approach) or priority criterion (current status approach) Usual activity status is the status during the 365 days preceding the date of the survey; determined on the basis of usual principal activity status (ps) and usual subsidiary activity status (ss) taken together. If the person does some economic activity for 30 days or more during last 365 days, he is considered a worker according to usual status approach Current status is current weekly and current daily status Worked for at least 1 hour on any day during the 7 days preceding the survey Worked for at least 1 hour during the day for current daily status

5. workers Persons engaged in any economic activity or who despite their attachment to the economic activity, abstained themselves from work for reason of illness, injury or other physical disability, bad weather, festivals, social or religious functions or other contingencies necessitating temporary absence from work, constituted workers Unpaid household members who assisted in the operation of an economic activity in household farm or nonfarm activities were also considered as workers Workers were further categorised as self employed Codes 11,12,21), regular wage/ salaried employee(code 31) and casual labour(41). These are the codes applicable for usual status approach.

6. Categories of self employed persons Own account workers (ran their enterprises without hiring any labour by and large) Employers with hired labour Helpers in household enterprises who did not receive any regular salary or wages

7. Classification followed To record industry of work, 5 digit classification of National Industrial Classification 2008 was used. To record type of occupation, 3 digit classification of National Classification of occupations 2004 was used. To identify certain category of workers under Division 97 of NIC (Activities of households as employers of domestic personnel), additional codes were used such as housemaid/ servant (97001), cook (97002) etc

8. Key Indicators Labour force participation rate(LFPR) = [ ( no of employed+ no of unemployed ) / total population] * 1000 Worker population ratio (WPR) =no of employed persons/ total population Proportion of unemployed (PU) = ( no of unemployed persons/ total population ) * 1000 Unemployment rate (UR) =[ no of unemployed persons/ (no of employed + unemployed persons) ] *1000

9. WPR (ps+ss) – male, female We will understand the trend of WPR according to usual status(ps+ss). Data are based on the 68 th round of NSS EUS the reference period being july 2011-june2012. WPR for persons = 386 per 1000 WPR for female = 219 WPR for male = 544 Only 22% of women are workers while 54% of men are workers. Gender differentials in WPR are highly pronounced, considering that almost equal no of men and women constitute the population.

10. WPR(ps+ss) for rural,urban Category of personWPR in usual status (ps+ss) Ruralurban Male543546 Female248147 person399355 Figures reveal that rural urban differentials are highly pronounced in Female WPR 25% of women work in rural areas whereas 15% of women only work in urban areas The explanation could be that women’s work at home (home based workers) is not fully accounted for. The respondent may not reveal the information unless deeply probed

11. WPR(ps+ss) trend over the years 61 (2004-05)66 (2009-10)68 (2011-12) RURAL MALE546547543 FEMALE327261248 PERSON439408399 Urban Male549543546 Female166138147 Person365350355 Rural+urban Male547546544 Female287228219 person420392386 There is a declining trend in Female WPR over the years while the male WPR remains almost at the same level

12. RURAL

13. URBAN

14. Trend in Age specific WPR (ps+ss) Rural 10-14 years15-19 years20-24 yearsAll (0+) malefemalemalefemalemalefemalemalefemale 1999-20009196503304844409531299 2004-20056874497319849410546327 2009-20104435358186768295547261 2011-20122628303156742278543248 WPR (ps+ss) for the adolescent and youth groups are showing a declining trend in rural areas for both male and female

15. RURAL MALE

16. RURAL FEMALE

17. Trend in Age specific WPR (ps+ss) urban 10-14 years15-19 years20-24 yearsAll (0 +) malefemalemalefemalemalefemalemalefemale 1999-20004936314105658155518139 2004-20054833335128684201549166 2009-2010281223176617160543138 2011-201233922378594160546147 WPR (ps+ss) for the adolescent and youth groups are showing a declining trend in urban areas also for both male and female. This may be an indication for the fact that the adolescents and youth are proceeding for higher studies to increase their qualifications for job market.

18. Trend urban male

19. Trend Urban Female

20. Age specific WPR (ps+ss) Rural Male 2011-12 by States/UTs 10-14 years15-19 years20-24 yearsAll (0+) malefemalemalefemalemalefemalemalefemale All India2628303156742278543248 States/uts above national average for the age group 10-14 years: rural male – Gujarat(47),Jharkhand(76),Karnataka(35),Maharashtra(36),Punjab(30), UP((42), WB(33) 15-19 years: rural male- Gujarat(353),Jharkhand(384),Karnataka(311),MP(374),Mizoram(434), Odisha(400),Punjab(303),Tnadu(283) UP(381),WB(360),Andaman(358),Lakshadweep(318) 20-24 years:rural male- Chattisgarh(855),Gujarat(887),Karna(767)MP(807),Mizoram(817),odisha(836), Punjab(757), Rajasthan(751), Sikkim(875),UP(800),WB(806),Chandigarh(850),Daman&Diu(946)

21. Age specific WPR (ps+ss) Rural Female2011-12 by States/UTs 10-14 years15-19 years20-24 yearsAll (0+) malefemalemalefemalemalefemalemalefemale All India2628303156742278543248 States/uts above national average 10-14 years: rural Female Andhra (67) Gujarat(38),Jharkhand(57), nagaland(36), Odisha(29),Rajasthan(44), UP(40), WB(40) 15-19 years: rural Female Andhra(251),chattisgarh(283), Goa(166), Gujarat(312), J&k(164),Mizoram(259), Odisha(238),Rajas(263),Tnadu(186), uttarakhand(169), WB(158) 20-24 years:rural Female Andhra(463), Arunachal(412),Chattisgarh(510),Delhi(468), Goa(520),Guj(363),HP(557),J&K(379),Karna(299),MP(339),maha(405), manipur(379),Meghalaya(458),Mizoram(657), Nagaland(346),Odisha(320),Punjab(281), Rajas(454), Sikkim(596), Tnadu(386), Uttarakhand(351), Andaman(368)

22. Age specific WPR (ps+ss) urban male 2011-12 by States/UTs 10-14 years15-19 years20-24 yearsAll (0+) malefemalemalefemalemalefemalemalefemale All India33922378594160546147 States/uts above national average 10-14 years: urban male – Odisha(55), UP(60), WB(199) 15-19 years: urban male- Chattisgarh(248),Gujarat(302),HP(279), Odisha(278),Punjab(268),Rajasthan(234),UP(337),WB(332),Dadra nagar haveli(253) 20-24 years:urban male- Guj(747),HP(688),Kerala(627),Punjab(646), Rajas(603), Sikkim(839),Tnadu(608),Uttarakhand(640),UP(627),WB(642),Andaman(804),Dad ra(650),Daman&diu(984)

23. Age specific WPR (ps+ss) urban Female2011-12 by States/UTs 10-14 years15-19 years20-24 yearsAll (0+) malefemalemalefemalemalefemalemalefemale All India33922378594160546147 States/uts above national average 10-14 years: urban Female Chattisgarh(12), Gujarat(17),Jharkhand(25), Odisha (24), Punjab(15),Rajasthan(10),Sikkim(51),UP(24), WB(27),Chandigarh(12) 15-19 years: urban Female Gujarat(102),Maharashtra(83),Meghalaya(80),Mizoram(88), Rajasthan(112),UP(120), WB(108) 20-24 years:urban Female Chattisgarh(289),Delhi(181), Goa(289),J&K(174),Karna(172),Maha(182), Manipur(189),Mizoram(261),Odisha(201), Sikkim(196), Tnadu(242), Andaman(328),Daman&diu(249),Puducherry(193)

24. WPR usual status (ps+ss) for adolescents (10-19) and Youth(15-24) All India- data and calculations 10-14 years15-19 years20-24 years10-19years15-24 years Rural male Estimated Population(00) (NSS) 494883425798319784920681745582 WPR(ps+ss)26303742154491 Rural female Estimated Population(00) (NSS) 419495357298319626776793676924 WPR(ps+ss)2815627887214 Urban male Estimated Population(00) (NSS) 173618169453159656343071329109 WPR(ps+ss)33223594127403 Urban female Estimated Population(00) (NSS) 142425137274149466279699286740 WPR(ps+ss)97816043121

25. Conclusions based on WPR(PS+SS) usual status (atleast worked for 30 days in a year)-NSS Only 22% of women are workers while 54% of men are workers. Gender differentials in WPR are highly pronounced, considering that almost equal no of men and women constitute the population. Figures reveal that rural urban differentials are highly pronounced in Female WPR 25% of women work in rural areas whereas only 15% of women work in urban areas The explanation could be that women’s work at home (home based work) is not fully accounted for. The respondent may not reveal the information unless deeply probed

26. Conclusions based on WPR(PS+SS) usual status (atleast worked for 30 days in a year)-NSS (2) There is a declining trend in Female WPR over the years while the male WPR remains almost at the same level WPR (ps+ss) for the adolescent and youth groups are showing a declining trend in both rural and urban areas for both male and female. This may be an indication of the fact that the adolescents and youth are proceeding for higher studies to increase their qualifications for job market.

27. Conclusions based on WPR(PS+SS) usual status (atleast worked for 30 days in a year)-NSS (3) For rural males age group 10-14 years, the WPR is highest in Jharkhand(76) and lowest in all UTs and HP(0). For rural males age group 15-19 years, the WPR is highest in Mizoram(434) and lowest in Chandigarh(0), Daman and Diu(0), Delhi stands at 8. For rural males age group 20-24 years, the WPR is highest in Daman and Diu(946) followed by Gujarat(887) and lowest in Manipur(409)

28. Conclusions based on WPR(PS+SS) usual status (atleast worked for 30 days in a year)-NSS (4) For rural Females age group 10-14 years, the WPR is highest in Andhra Pradesh(67) and lowest in all UTs, Delhi, Goa, Haryana, Kerala,Meghalaya, Mizoram and Tripura(0) For rural Females age group 15-19 years, the WPR is highest in Gujarat(312) and lowest in Delhi, Daman and Diu and lakshadweep(0). For rural Females age group 20-24 years, the WPR is highest in Mizoram(657) and lowest in Bihar(36)

29. Conclusions based on WPR(PS+SS) usual status (atleast worked for 30 days in a year)-NSS (5) For urban males age group 10-14 years, the WPR is highest in West Bengal(199) and lowest in all UTs and Arunachal Pradesh,Goa, HP, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland and Sikkim(0) For urban males age group 15-19 years, the WPR is highest in UP(337) and lowest in Arunachal Pradesh(6). For urban males age group 20-24 years, the WPR is highest in Daman and Diu(984) and lowest in Nagaland(138)

30. Conclusions based on WPR(PS+SS) usual status (atleast worked for 30 days in a year)-NSS (6) For urban Females age group 10-14 years, the WPR is highest in Sikkim(51) and lowest in Assam, Delhi, Goa,Haryana,HP,Karnataka,Kerala,Maharashtra,Megh alaya,Mizoram,Nagaland,Tripura,Uttarakhand,Andam an and Nicobar,Dadra And Nagar Haveli, Lakshadweep and Puducherry(0) For Urban Females age group 15-19 years, the WPR is highest in UP(120) and lowest in Goa(0) followed by Bihar(1). For urban Females age group 20-24 years, the WPR is highest in Andaman and nicobar(328) and lowest in Assam(45).

31. Conclusions based on WPR(PS+SS) usual status (atleast worked for 30 days in a year )- NSS (7) 2011-12Rural maleUrban maleRural female Urban female Adolescents(10 -19) 1541278743 Youth(15-24)491403214121 It can be concluded that the work participation rate of youth is roughly 3 times more than that of adolescents irrespective of rural or urban and male or female. For both adolescents and youth, Female participation rates are roughly 50% of male rates in rural areas while it is roughly 1/3 rd of male rates in urban areas.

32. Thank you