1. S urgical P re A dmission R eview C linics (SPARC) Truc Nguyen Pharmacy Surgical Team Leader CMH Pharmacy

2. Surgical Preadmission Clinics Aim to improve patient safety and experience –Identify/minimise peri-operative risks –Improve patient education –Enables patients to present to surgery fully prepared and as fit as possible NurseDoctorPharmacist

3. Primary objectives: To assess the effectiveness of clinical pharmacy service to pre-admission clinics –Evaluation of the number and type of discrepancies/contributions recorded by pharmacist Secondary objectives: –To assess the value of having a pharmacist in a preadmission clinic –Patient satisfaction survey –Doctor satisfaction survey Objectives

4. Methodology Phase One: Control phase How accurate patients medication lists were How accurate doctors medication histories are Errors charted by the doctor What the patient thinks about seeing a pharmacist Time(s) taken Nurse Initial patient flow DrPharmacist

5. Methodology Phase One: Control phase (110 patients) Nurse Initial patient flow DrPharmacist NurseDr PharmacistNurseDr Pharmacist Phase 2: Intervention phase (140 patients)

6. Results - Safety Phase 1 = 110 patients Phase 1Regular meds and PRN meds Patient and Pharmacist 2.22 discrepancies per patient Pharmacist and Doctor 9% more regular medications 38% more PRN medications 17% more Allergies/ADR Nurse Phase 1 DrPharmacist

7. 0.8 discrepancies per patient –Wrong medication- Wrong strength –Wrong frequency- Wrong route –Inappropriate pre/post-operative prescribing Dis: 89/110 Discrepancies (Drug charting errors)

8. Phase 1 = 110 patients

9. Easy done when retrospectively Davies et al state a moderate adverse event in hospital can increase length of stay 7-9 days. Average length of stay for a general surgical patient is ~3 days 1 day? – 50 bed days saved… ½ days- 594 bed days saved (1307 pts) Calculating cost of interventions

10. Medication history + review Pre-chart medications (including analgesics, anti-emetics) for the doctors Printed out electronic history form with any potential recommendation in Dr alert section Educated patient on start/stopping of medications, compliance etc What did the pharmacist do?? (2 nd phase)

11. Times taken at Pre-admission clinics P<0.05 =110 pts =140 pts Nurse Phase 2 Dr Pharmacist Nurse Phase 1 DrPharmacist

12. Saved 5 minutes per patient (waiting time) –5min X 140 patients = 11.6 hours clinic time Doctors time saved 10 minutes per patient –10 X 140 patients = 23.3 hours of doctors time …..Then extrapolated over 1307 patients….. Time

13. Doctors feedback Adds value Reduces workload Improves peri-operative plan for the patient –High risk medications Accurate medication history Allergy recording Patient counseling “Reduces time spent on each patient in regards to medications allowing doctors to focus more on the medical problems of the patient in the short period of time available in pre- admission clinics”

14. Patients feedback Useful person to see Discussed regular medication Clear directions about what medication to stop prior to surgery Discussed any concerns about medications associated with surgery (e.g. pain relief) Discussed what medication would be started after surgery (potentially) Feedback

15. Conclusions -Accurate medication histories -Significant amount of errors picked up -Improved clinic times -Valuable service to both patient and MDT -Future plans - Expansion of clinics to Orthopaedics??

16. THANK YOU!

17. 0 FTE allocation to initiate surgical pharmacy pre-admission clinics HOW?? Restructured MMH pharmacy surgical team from a ward based service to team based. We now have become a proactive service to that of a reactive one Structure creates sustainability with more than one pharmacist doing clinics What was the cost?

18. Example of Grade 4 58Y Maori female Staging laproscopy (Gastric cancer) Salbutamol 15 puffs inh BD Not known to our Respiratory service Recently moved up from Taumaranui Alerted doctor as patient high risk of peri- operative chest infection and intra-operative respiratory problems Referred to anaesthetic -> Respiratory review End result -> family discussion