Copyright 2014 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com Live Streaming Lab Last Update 2014.07.08 1.2.0 1.

Live Streaming Live streaming comes in many forms In this lab we will setup two versions First will be a video conference Second will be live event streaming Copyright 2014 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com 3

Video Conference A video conference is typically used to hold a meeting for a group of people who are not in the same geographic location Video conferences allow the participants to see each other, talk to each other, share their computer desktop, and share files Copyright 2014 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com 4

Video Conference To do this here we will use a free service found at this url –www.meetings.io Once there, just follow the onscreen instructions to create a video conference When it is ready, share the address with the class We will all login to it Copyright 2014 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com 5

Video Conference

Live Event Streaming Live streaming can be done from a server on a local computer or from the computer to an online streaming service and then to whoever wants to view the stream There are a seeming unlimited number of live streaming servers and service providers Copyright 2010-2014 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com 14

Live Event Streaming Some of these work with little effort and some are the most obtuse and difficult programs I have ever encountered Simple and straightforward does not seem to be in any of these company’s vocabulary Copyright 2014 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com 15

Live Event Streaming We will use Microsoft Expression Encoder 4 and Ustream for no particular reason other than I finally got them to work after wasting days trying to get one of these to do what it was supposed to do Don’t these people ever test anything for usability Copyright 2014 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com 16

Equipment Setup Let’s first look at the type of equipment we would need Telestream has several suggested setups we can look at We cannot use their software as their registration process to download it is broken Once again does no one test this stuff Copyright 2014 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com 17

Data Line The data line required for this depends on the resolution used They define SD – Standard Definition as 640 x 360 at 25 to 30 frames per second HD – High Definition is 1280 x 720 at 25 to 30 frames per second Copyright 2010-2014 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com 22

Data Line The broadcast bitrate should be no higher than half of the data line’s upload speed to allow for peaks in the variable bit rate encoding The bandwidth needed for SD is typically 1 Mbps HD requires 3 to 4 Mbps Copyright 2010-2014 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com 23

Setup Guidelines Ustream adds this advice –However, really high-quality video sources can cause more harm than good –For example, an HD camera feed into a Ustream Producer canvas set to HD resolution, then broadcast out in HD, requires a lot of work for the graphics processor –If the frame rate starts to drop but the CPU usage stays steady, it creates a bottleneck Copyright 2010-2014 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com 24

Setup Guidelines –The solution is to reduce the frame size going through Producer –Therefore, there is no need to bring input video in at HD resolution if Ustream Producer is streaming out a lower resolution. –Keep in mind that resizing down is good but resizing up reduces quality –As a rule, you should try to keep your resolution as constant as possible from source to output Copyright 2010-2014 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com 25

Setup Guidelines –There is no benefit from using an HD camera if you’re only broadcasting a low resolution stream –This only increases the work your computer must do without any increase in output quality Copyright 2010-2014 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com 26

Setup Guidelines The type of hardware also has an impact on successful streaming For example –FireWire is a hardware protocol that you can use to connect devices to your computer –But it is important to understand that saturating your FireWire bus - using up all available bandwidth - leads to problems in Producer Copyright 2010-2014 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com 27

Setup Guidelines –As a result the audio and video appears choppy –There is an absolute limit to the bandwidth available to your FireWire devices - 400 or 800 megabits per second –If the sum of your devices goes over the limit, you saturate - use up - all the available bandwidth Copyright 2010-2014 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com 28

Setup Guidelines –For example, if you have a camera attached to the FireWire bus and you saturate the bus, you see dropped frames - choppy video The same is true for USB connected cameras as USB has even less available bandwidth Copyright 2010-2014 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com 29

Setup Guidelines Ustream goes on to say –So be mindful of this limitation when connecting hardware to your computer –Just because your setup works when you first put it together does not mean it always works –Experiment with your setup and make sure that you have enough FireWire bandwidth to share all of your devices without experiencing choppy video Copyright 2010-2014 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com 30

Setup Guidelines –Normally, a camera requires around 25 Mbps to deliver audio and video to Producer –However, some cameras may require 100 Mbps or more Copyright 2010-2014 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com 31

Onsite Based We will do the entirely onsite method first In this scenario the entire process rests onsite on the computer The output is streamed directly to the end user Copyright 2014 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com 32

Streaming Server Setup In the Preview window in the top center of the interface there is a checklist of what we need to do to make this work We will complete all the steps there except for Add a File Source as we only want to see the live streaming from a camera Copyright 2014 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com 37

Streaming Server Setup Two new selections have appeared –Select a Video Device –Select an Audio Device Click the video device link Whatever video sources you have attached to the computer will be listed In this example that is the camera in the monitor attached to the computer Copyright 2014 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com 40

Streaming Server Setup Ignore Add a File Source Click on –Select an output type The three possibilities are highlighted in yellow on the right lower part of the interface Copyright 2014 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com 51

Receiving the Stream As with streaming servers and services there are innumerable media players that allegedly will receive and display this stream we just created None of them work in any obvious fashion The one we will use here is VLC as I got it to work first Copyright 2014 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com 60

Receiving the Stream Enter the protocol being used by the streaming server, the IP address of the streaming server, and the port being used In this case it is –http://192.168.1.94:8080 At the bottom click –Play The streaming video will appear Copyright 2014 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com 65

Receiving the Stream A student discovered that Windows Media Player will display a LAN based stream if you access it this way –Press Alt –File »Open url »Type in the IP address and the port, such as http://192.168.1.1:8080 Copyright 2014 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com 68

Offsite Based In the first example above of live streaming all that needed to be done on the receiving end was to enter the protocol type, IP address of the source, and source port This will not work outside of a LAN To stream to other networks or to the outside world a url will need to be established Copyright 2014 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com 75

Offsite Based This could be the web server of the organization or as in this second example of live streaming it could be from a local application to a live streaming service’s server, and then out to the rest of the world This is the method we will use now Copyright 2014 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com 76

Live Event Streaming Service In this example the Ustream application and live streaming service will be used The steps to do this are –Create an account with Ustream –Download and install the Ustream Producer application –Setup a channel from which the content will be streamed by Ustream from their server –Create and stream content from Producer Copyright 2014 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com 77

Create the Stream Back in Producer we will create the stream for the channel When Producer is started in turns on any capture devices it finds In this case the webcam in the monitor It shows these views and a blank view Copyright 2014 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com 89

Create the Stream To stream this –Click Camera –Specify the channel from the menu under Output Output Settings Enter the name of the channel Click OK Copyright 2014 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com 91

Create the Stream Go to Ustream to check the stream Click on the Search link Search for –Chipps DeVry Click on the link Watch the stream Since it is free, there will be an ad Then the live stream Copyright 2014 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com 95

Traffic Analysis Let’s look at a capture of the traffic generated by a streaming process such as this In this example the traffic is someone making announcements These only require 160 seconds, but it requires over 9,000 frames Copyright 2014 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com 98

Copyright 2014 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com Live Streaming Lab Last Update 2014.07.08 1.2.0 1.

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Copyright 2014 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com Live Streaming Lab Last Update 2014.07.08 1.2.0 1.

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