1. The Scholastics

2. Where?

3. Where? The universities “scholastics” – in the schools

4. The Scholastics Where? The universities -- Especially the Sorbonne (the University of Paris)

5. The Scholastics Who?

6. Who? Peter Lombard (1105-1160)

7. The Scholastics Who? Peter Lombard (1105-1160) His book: The Sentences

8. The Scholastics Who? Peter Lombard (1105-1160) His book: The Sentences Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274)

9. The Scholastics Who? Peter Lombard (1105-1160) His book: The Sentences Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) His book: Summa Theologia

10. The Scholastics Who? Peter Lombard (1105-1160) Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) Duns Scotus (1265-1308)

11. The Scholastics Sources of truth?

12. The Scholastics Sources of truth? BibleBible

13. The Scholastics Sources of truth? BibleBible Tradition (Church Fathers)Tradition (Church Fathers)

14. The Scholastics Sources of truth? BibleBible Tradition (Church Fathers)Tradition (Church Fathers) ARISTOTLE (384-322 BC)ARISTOTLE (384-322 BC)

15. The Scholastics Goal?

16. Goal? To use Scripture and logic to make sense of God, man, and the world.

17. The Scholastics Method?

18. Method? Reason and dialectic

19. The Scholastics The Way of Salvation

20. The Scholastics The Way of Salvation “The death of Christ then justifies us, when by it love is awakened in our hearts." (Peter Lombard)

21. The Humanists Where?

22. Where? Royal courts.

23. The Humanists Who?

24. Who? Dante, Petrarch (early, Italian)

25. The Humanists Who? Dante, Petrarch (early, Italian) Erasmus, Reuchlin (late, continental)

26. The Humanists Source of truth?

27. The Humanists Source of truth? Back to the Sources!!

28. The Humanists Source of truth? Back to the Sources!! The BibleThe Bible

29. The Humanists Source of truth? Back to the Sources!! The BibleThe Bible Classical (Greek and Latin) authorsClassical (Greek and Latin) authors

30. The Humanists Goal?

31. Goal? To get rid of myths, traditions, and silly Scholastic arguments, and get back to basic Christianity.

32. The Humanists Goal? To get rid of myths, traditions, and silly Scholastic arguments, and get back to basic Christianity. i.e., MORALITY & ETHICS.

33. The Humanists Method? Language and literature study

34. The Humanists Way of Salvation Do your best, and grace will “kick in.”

35. The Humanists Way of Salvation Do your best, and grace will “kick in.” (But righteous pagans are in heaven!)

36. The Mystics

37. Who?

38. Who? Meister Eckhardt (1260-1327)

39. The Mystics Who? Meister Eckhardt (1260-1327) John Tauler (1300-1361)

40. The Mystics Where?

41. Where?Monasteries.

42. Where?Monasteries, though some were wandering preachers.

43. The Mystics Sources of truth? BibleBible

44. The Mystics Sources of truth? BibleBible TraditionTradition

45. The Mystics Sources of truth? BibleBible TraditionTradition Direct illuminationDirect illumination

46. The Mystics Goal?

47. Goal? A direct, unmediated experience of God.

48. The Mystics Method?

49. Method? Private prayer and contemplation.

50. The Mystics Way of Salvation

51. The Mystics Way of Salvation Through a mystical experience, the soul is absorbed into the Divine.

52. The Common People Who? Where? Everybody, all over the place. That’s why we call them common people. Why do you ask such ridiculous questions? Huh?

53. The Common People Sources of truth

54. The Common People Sources of truth The Bible (though many can’t read)The Bible (though many can’t read)

55. The Common People Sources of truth The Bible (though many can’t read)The Bible (though many can’t read) The ChurchThe Church –The Sunday service (liturgy, preaching)

56. The Common People Sources of truth The Bible (though many can’t read)The Bible (though many can’t read) The ChurchThe Church –Traditions, holidays, legends about saints, etc.

57. The Common People GoalSurvival.

58. Goal & method Survival. Let the professionals (priests, monks, and nuns) take care of religion for you. Just do what they tell you and don’t worry about it.

59. The Common People Way of Salvation If you do your part, God will do his.

60. Scholastic, Humanist, or Mystic? Third, it [theology] proceeds to the contemplation of truth in questions of Sacred Scripture; and to this purpose the method should be that of arguments.

61. Scholastic, Humanist, or Mystic? Third, it [theology] proceeds to the contemplation of truth in questions of Sacred Scripture; and to this purpose the method should be that of arguments. Scholastic (Thomas Aquinas)

62. Scholastic, Humanist, or Mystic? When we turn away from ourselves and from all created things, to that extent we are united and sanctified in the soul's spark, which is untouched by either space or time. This spark is opposed to all creatures and desires nothing but God.

63. Scholastic, Humanist, or Mystic? When we turn away from ourselves and from all created things, to that extent we are united and sanctified in the soul's spark, which is untouched by either space or time. This spark is opposed to all creatures and desires nothing but God. Mystic (Meister Eckhart)

64. Scholastic, Humanist, or Mystic? I have turned my entire attention to Greek. The first thing I shall do, as soon as the money arrives, is to buy some Greek authors; after that, I shall buy clothes.

65. Scholastic, Humanist, or Mystic? I have turned my entire attention to Greek. The first thing I shall do, as soon as the money arrives, is to buy some Greek authors; after that, I shall buy clothes. Humanist (Erasmus)

66. Scholastic, Humanist, or Mystic? Blessedness consists primarily in the fact that the soul sees God in herself.

67. Scholastic, Humanist, or Mystic? Blessedness consists primarily in the fact that the soul sees God in herself. Mystic (Meister Eckhart)

68. Scholastic, Humanist, or Mystic? It is an unscrupulous intellect that does not pay to antiquity its due reverence.

69. Scholastic, Humanist, or Mystic? It is an unscrupulous intellect that does not pay to antiquity its due reverence. Humanist (Erasmus)

70. Scholastic, Humanist, or Mystic? God ordained human nature to attain the end of eternal life not by its own strength, but by the help of grace, and in this way its act can be deserving of eternal life.

71. Scholastic, Humanist, or Mystic? God ordained human nature to attain the end of eternal life not by its own strength, but by the help of grace, and in this way its act can be deserving of eternal life. Scholastic (Thomas Aquinas)