1. Other Large Intestine Procedure

2. Defecogram
Relatively new radiologic procedure performed for the patient with a defecation dysfunction.
 Purpose:
Functional study of the anus and rectum during the evacuation and rest phases of defecation.

3. Rectal Intussusception Prolapse of the rectum
Clinical Indications
Rectoceles
Rectal Intussusception
Prolapse of the rectum

4. Rectoceles Common form of pathology.
A blind pouch of the rectum due to weakening of the anterior or posterior wall.

5. Rectoceles

6. Rectal Intussusception
Rectal Intussusception is a term that denotes that lower part of the bowel [the lower sigmoid or upper rectum] slides inside the rectum so that there will be a tube inside a tube,

7. Rectal Intussusception

8. Prolapse of the rectum
Rectal prolapse normally describes a medical condition wherein the walls of the rectum protrude through the anus and hence become visible outside the body

9. Prolapsed of the rectum

11. Contrast Media:
To study the process of evacuation, a very high density barium sulfate mixture is required.
Other investigator mixed diluted suspension of barium sulfate, heated it, and added potato starch to form a smooth barium paste that was semisolid and malleable.

12. Enterostomy Colostomy Studies
general term applied to the surgical procedure of forming an artificial opening to the intestine, usually through the abdominal wall, and to the resultant fecal passage.

13. colostomy

14. Colostomy
A colostomy is a surgical procedure that involves connecting a part of the colon onto the anterior abdominal wall, leaving the patient with an opening on the abdomen called a stoma.
In a colostomy, the stoma is formed from the end of the large intestine, which is drawn out through the incision and sutured to the skin.

17. Types of Colostomy Loop Colostomy:
This type of colostomy is usually used in emergencies and are temporary and large Stoma.
A loop of the bowel is pulled out onto the abdomen and held in place with an external device.
The bowel is then sutured to the abdomen and two openings are created in the one stoma: one for stool and the other for mucus.

18. End Colostomy:
A stoma is created from one end of the bowel. The other portion of the bowel is either removed or sewn shut (Hartmann's pouch).

19. Double Barrel Colostomy:
The bowel is severed and both ends are brought out onto the abdomen. Only the proximal stoma is functioning.
Colostomy surgery that can be planned ahead often has a higher rate of long-term success than those done in emergency surgery.

20. Indications:
Diverticulitis
Ulcerative colitis

21. Diverticulitis
Develops from diverticulosis, which involves the formation of pouches (diverticula) on the outside of the colon.

23. Ulcerative colitis
Ulcerative colitis is a disease that causes inflammation and sores, called ulcers, in the lining of the rectum and colon.
Ulcers form where inflammation has killed the cells that usually line the colon, then bleed and produce pus.
Inflammation in the colon also causes the colon to empty frequently, causing diarrhea.

24. Ulcerative colitis

26. Colostomy enema equipment
Enema can or bag
Catheters
Tips
Adhesive disk

27. Colonogram procedures
Distal colonogram
a procedure in which water-soluble contrast is instilled into a dysfunctional colon via a stoma.
A small balloon catheter is inserted into the distal stoma, the balloon inflated, and contrast injected by hand to adequately distend the dysfunction loop and in the case of anorectal atresia to demonstrate any fistula.

28. Common Indications
Hirschsprung's disease, or congenital aganglionic megacolon, involves an enlargement of the colon, caused by bowel obstruction resulting from an aganglionic section of bowel (the normal enteric nerves are absent) that starts at the anus and progresses upwards.

29. Procedure
2 types of entry
Proximal colonogram
Distal colonogram