1. Resource Sharing Over a Network
Guide to Operating Systems
Third Edition

2. Objectives
After reading this chapter and completing the exercises you will be able to:
Explain the principles behind sharing disks and files on a network
Set up accounts, groups, security, and disk and file sharing on network server operating systems
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

3. Objectives (continued)
After reading this chapter and completing the exercises you will be able to:
Set up disk and file sharing on client operating systems
Set up printer sharing on server and client operating systems
Discuss how network and Internet servers are used for vast information-sharing networks
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

4. Sharing Disks, Files and Printers
One of the first reasons for linking a workstation’s operating system onto a network
NetWare was early on the scene to enable file sharing through a server
by downloading a file from a file server
by purchasing third-party software to create a special shared drive
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

5. Sharing Disks, Files and Printers (continued)
Share entire applications over the network
Download the entire executable
Only one version needed on the server
Mapping
enables a client workstation to attach to the shared drive of another workstation or server
drive letter assigned
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

6. Sharing Disks, Files and Printers (continued)
Mounted volume
term used in UNIX/Linux and Mac OS X for a mapped drive
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7. Securing Shared Resources
Potential security risk for non-authorized users to access a file or use a printer
Operating systems discussed in this book offer security measures
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

8. Sharing Disks and Files Through Server Network Operating Systems
Examples of server network operating systems that share disks and files over a network
Windows 2000 Server
Windows Server 2003
UNIX/Linux
Mac OS X Server
NetWare
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

9. Sharing Disks and Files Through Server Network Operating Systems
Network administrator may establish security
by assigning accounts, account passwords, groups, and access privileges
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

10. Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003
Uses accounts, groups, and permissions
Steps involved include setting up the following:
Groups – Account policies
User accounts – Permissions
Shared disk and folders
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

11. Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003 (continued)
Use groups to manage resources and permissions
Local
Domain local
Global
Universal
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12. Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003 (continued)
Groups are defined as security or distribution groups
Security groups
used to enable access to resources on a standalone server or in Active Directory
Distribution groups
used for or telephone
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13. Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003 (continued)
Container object
entity that is used to group together resources in a directory service
Tree
consists of one or more domains
Forest
houses one or more trees
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14. Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003 (continued)
Universal group guidelines
use global groups to hold user accounts as members
use domain local groups to provide access to resources in a specific domain
use universal groups to provide extensive access to resources
manage user accounts access
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

15. Windows NT Server Trusted domain Trusting domain such as college.edu
granted access to the resources in another domain such as research.college.edu
Trusting domain
research.college.edu allows access to its resources to college.edu
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16. Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003 (continued)
Before any accounts are created, it is wise to establish the account policies
Three categories:
Password security
Account Lockout
Kerberos security
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17. Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003 (continued)
Password security options:
enforce password history
maximum password age
minimum password age
minimum password length
password complexity requirements
password storage using reversible encryption
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

18. Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003 (continued)
Account lockout options:
account lockout duration
account lockout threshold
reset account lockout count
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

19. Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003 (continued)
Kerberos options:
enforce user logon restrictions
maximum lifetime for a service ticket
maximum lifetime for a user ticket
maximum lifetime for a user ticket renewal
maximum tolerance for a computer clock synchronization
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20. Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003 (continued)
Share
an object given a name and made visible to network users
Disk or folder - shared through its properties
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

21. Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003 (continued)
Share permissions:
Read
Change
Full Control
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

22. Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003 (continued)
Dialog box in Figure 9-6 has a caching button
Caching
enables you to set up a folder so that it can be accessed by a client, even when the client is not connected to the network
Web sharing
files available on a Web server for HTML or FTP access
See Tables 9-2 and 9-3
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

23. Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003 (continued)
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

24. Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003 (continued)
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

25. Windows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003 (continued)
Troubleshooting a security conflict:
review folder and share permissions
take into account what happens when a folder or files are copied or moved
inherited properties
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26. UNIX and Linux User identification number (UID)
each user account in UNIX is associated with a UID
Group identification number (GID)
users who have common access needs
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27. UNIX and Linux (continued)
The password file (/etc/passwd) contains :
user name
encrypted password or a reference to the shadow file
UID
GID
information about the user
location of the user’s home directory
which shell to use
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

28. UNIX and Linux (continued)
Shadow file (/etc/shadow) contains password restriction information :
minimum and the maximum number of days between password changes
Information on when last changed
Warning information about password expiration
Amount of time that the account can be inactive before access is prohibited
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

29. UNIX and Linux (continued)
Home directories
areas on the server in which users store data
Information about groups is typically stored in the /etc/group file
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

30. UNIX and Linux (continued)
Permissions are granted on the basis of
ownership
group membership
other (or World)
all (all is not used in every version of UNIX, but is included in Red Hat Enterprise Linux)
Permissions are set up by using the chmod command
Chmod has two different formats, symbolic and octal
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

31. NetWare Novell NetWare server installation Default directories:
first task is to design a file structure
Default directories:
SYSTEM
PUBLIC
LOGIN
HOME
APPS
DATA
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

32. NetWare (continued) Net Administrator tasks:
Set security on each directory, subdirectory, and on particular files
Create an account and account password for each user
Set up groups as a way to provide shortcuts for managing security
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

33. NetWare (continued) Search drive
given drive letters such as S1 for the first drive, S2 for the second drive, and so on
Difference between a mapped network drive and a mapped search drive
NetWare can execute a file on a search drive, whether the file is in the main directory or in a subdirectory under the search drive
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

34. NetWare (continued)
A login script is a file of commands associated with an account or a group of accounts
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

35. NetWare (continued)
A user account can be set up in ConsoleOne using several kinds of restrictions:
Requiring a password
Setting a minimum password length
Requiring that a password is changed within a specified interval of time
The remainder are listed on page 453 of the textbook
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

36. NetWare (continued)
Administrator can grant rights to access specific directories, subdirectories, and files
The rights control the ability to:
Perform a directory listing
Create a new directory, subdirectory, or file
Read contents of a directory, subdirectory, or file
Write to the contents of a file
Refer to the list on page 454 of the textbook for the rest
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

37. NetWare (continued) Novell Directory Services (NDS) Leaf objects
such as user accounts, groups, printers, directories, subdirectories, files, and other resources
Novell Directory Services (NDS)
stores information about objects
Leaf objects
store information about clients
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

38. Mac OS X Server The Mac OS X Server is designed as a true server
file sharing
printer sharing
managing network users and groups
providing Web services
Mac OS X Server
can support up to several thousand users
includes the Apache Web server software
supports TCP/IP and AppleTalk
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

39. Mac OS X Server (continued)
Included tools
Server Admin
Macintosh Manager
Share points
shared resources on a server
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

40. Mac OS X Server (continued)
Logging of events can include:
Login and Logout events
Opened files
Newly created files
Newly created folders
Deleted files and folders
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

41. Accessing and Sharing Disks and Files Through Client Network Operating Systems
Many operating systems
include the ability to act as clients
to map to disks and directories on servers
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

42. Accessing and Sharing Resources in Windows 2000 Professional
Access a shared drive over the network
Map the drive using My Network Places
The steps for mapping a drive are shown on page 457
Same process for Windows 2000 Server
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

43. Accessing and Sharing Resources in Windows XP
Uses My Network Places to locate and map network drives
Fastest way to access My Network Places is to use the steps on page 458
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

44. Accessing and Sharing Resources in Windows XP (continued)
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

45. Accessing Shared Resources via UNIX/Linux and Specialized Utilities
Network File System (NFS)
provides file transfer capabilities
NFS in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3.0
enable portmap
enable rpc.mountd
enable rpc.nfsd
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

46. Accessing Shared Resources via UNIX/Linux and Specialized Utilities (continued)
UNIX/Linux can access share Windows 2000/XP/Server 2003 with Samba
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

47. Accessing and Sharing Resources via Mac OS X
In Mac OS X, you connect to another computer that is sharing a disk or folder by using the Go menu
To mount a shared drive
open the Go menu
select Connect To
Server
enter address of
server
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

48. Accessing and Sharing Resources via Mac OS X (continued)
Establish the network identity and turn on file sharing through System Preferences
Privileges are set in order to enable access
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

49. Sharing Printing Devices
Operating systems discussed in this book have the ability to share printers as well as disks, directories, and files
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

50. Windows-based Systems
Configure printing by using the Add Printer Wizard
Once a printer is set up, it appears in the Printers folder
In Windows XP and Windows Server 2003, click Start, and click Printers and Faxes
Right-click the printer to access menu options
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

51. Windows-based Systems (continued)
Windows 2000/XP/Server 2003 share permissions:
Print
Manage Documents
Manage Printers
Special permissions
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

52. UNIX/Linux UNIX printing Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3.0
log on to the UNIX server and printing to one of its printers
set up to use the BSD or the SVR4 spooling system as describe in Chapter 5
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3.0
GNOME Print Manager tool
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

53. NetWare Shared printing queue-based printing
Novell Distributed Print Services (NDPS)
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

54. Mac OS X Methods of printer sharing
can make a connected local printer available to other computers running the Mac OS on a network
can attach to a shared printer offered by another workstation on the network
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

55. Network and Internet Resource Servers
NetWare
UNIX/Linux
Windows 2000/Server 2003
Mac OS X servers
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

56. Network and Internet Resource Servers
Functions
e-commerce
video-conferencing
multimedia
client/server applications
web servers
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

57. Summary Resource sharing is why networks exist and are thriving
Security is important for network resources
Groups, user accounts, and permissions permit or restrict access as determined by the administrator
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition

58. Summary (continued)
Client operating systems have utilities to enable access or share resources over the network
Network server operating systems continue to provide more and more ways to share resources
Guide to Operating Systems, Third Edition