2. Summer 2006 Workshop in Biology and Multimedia for High School Teachers

3. THEORY OF EVOLUTION Beth Mick - LESSON PLAN DISCUSSION ON WHAT DOES THE WORD EVOLUTION MEAN? LECTURE - PPT SPECIATION ANIMATION - 2006 LS-HHMI Breeding Bunnies Activity www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/educators/lessons/lesson4/act1notes.html www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/educators/lessons/lesson4/act1notes.html Candy Dish Selection: Author: Carol Tang http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/education/lessons/candy_dish.html http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/education/lessons/candy_dish.html Investigating Natural Selection Activity - http://bob.nap.edu/html/evolution98/evol6-c.htm http://bob.nap.edu/html/evolution98/evol6-c.htm CLASS DISCUSSION ON VIRUS EVOLUTION TO INCLUDE HIV Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

4. REFERENCES Biology: The Dynamics of Life; Glencoe 2004 http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/evolution/index.html http://www.accessexcellence.org/AE/AEPC/WWC/1995/ http://www.darwinday.org/englishL/life/beagle.html http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/index.html DR. LUE, LIFE SCIENCE-HHMI OUTREACH PPT. Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

5. CHAP 15 – THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION CHARLES DARWIN EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION NATURAL SELECTION SPECIATION Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College. http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php

6. The Simpsons www.youtube.com/watch?v=faRlFsYmkeY Also you can go home and watch the South Park Evolution…. I cannot show this to you in class it is absolutely not appropriate but very funny!!!!!

7. CHAP 15 – THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION CHARLES DARWIN EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION NATURAL SELECTION SPECIATION Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College. http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php

8. The Theory of Evolution First person to devise a "Theory of Evolution" - Lucretius, a Roman philosopher, 1900 years before the modern theories. Lucretius said “life evolves if organisms were able to reproduce” Lamarack said “evolution occurs from the USE and DISUSE of physical features” Other 17th and 18th century scientists came up with similar ideas, but could not explain "how" it could happen.

9. CHARLES DARWIN – 1809-1882 ENGLISH TRAVELED AROUND THE WORLD ON THE HMS BEAGLE – FAMOUS IN THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS OBSERVED MANY SPECIES AND FOSSILS WHY DID SOME SPECIES SURVIVE WHILE OTHERS BECAME EXTINCT? NATURAL SELECTION Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

10. IMPORTANT VOCABULARY!!!!!! Population - all the individuals of a species that live together in one place at one time. (Malthus) Species - a group of organisms that look alike, live together, interbreed, and produce fertile offspring. Natural Selection - Individuals that have physical or behavioral traits better suited for their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than those without those traits. Adaptation - the changing of a species that results in its being better suited to its environment.

11. I have called this principle, by which each slight variation, if useful, is preserved, by the term Natural Selection. — Charles Darwin from "The Origin of Species" Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College. http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php www.darwinday.org/englishL/life/beagle.ht Used by permission of Darwin Day Celebration (at DarwinDay.org), 2006 www.darwinday.org/englishL/life/beagle.html http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php Darwin’s Theory:

12. 1.Variation exists within the genes of every population or species. (Random mutation sorts and reassembles the chromosomes.) 2.In a particular environment, some individuals of a population are better suited to survive. (Survival of the fittest.) 3.Over time, through reproduction and courtship, the traits of the strongest, spread throughout the population. (Adaptations) 4. There is clear evidence in fossils and other sources, that living organisms evolved from other organisms that are now extinct.

14. CHAP 15 – THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION CHARLES DARWIN EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION NATURAL SELECTION SPECIATION Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College. http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php

15. EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION STRUCTURAL ADAPTATIONS MIMICRY CAMOUFLAGE Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College. http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php http://science.howstuffworks.com/animal-camouflage2.htm

16. Camouflage!!!!!

17. EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION STRUCTURAL ADAPTATIONS MIMICRY CAMOUFLAGE MILLIONS OF YEARS PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS CHANGE IN A METABOLIC PROCESS WHAT DO YOU HEAR ABOUT IN THE NEWS ABOUT SOME BACTERIA? Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

18. WHAT OTHER INDUSTRIES WOULD BE WORRIED ABOUT RESISTANCE? Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College. http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php

19. OTHER EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION FOSSILS ANATOMY HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College. http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php

20. OTHER EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION FOSSILS ANATOMY HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College. http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php

21. OTHER EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION FOSSILS ANATOMY HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES VESTIGIAL STRUCTURE EMBRYOS WHAT IS ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF VESTIGIAL STRUCTURES? Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College. http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php

22. Terms Vestigial structures - anatomical structures that are present in a species, but no longer serve the original purpose. Homologous structures - structures in different organisms that serve the same purpose and share a common ancestry. Analogous structures - structures in different organisms that serve the same purpose and do not share a common ancestry.

23. OTHER EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION FOSSILS ANATOMY HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES VESTIGIAL STRUCTURE EMBRYOS BIOCHEMISTRY WHAT 2 THINGS? Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College. http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php

24. CHAP 15 – THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION CHARLES DARWIN EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION NATURAL SELECTION SPECIATION Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College. http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php

25. MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION DO POPULATIONS OR INDIVIDUALS EVOLVE? WHAT IS A GENE POOL HOW CAN THE GENE POOL CHANGE? MUTATION GENETIC DRIFT GENE FLOW WOULD THESE THINGS EFFECT A LARGE POPULATION OR A SMALL POPULATION MORE? Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

26. ALL IMAGES: http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php

27. CHAP 15 – THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION CHARLES DARWIN EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION NATURAL SELECTION SPECIATION Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College. http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php

28. Quick Example!! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FnzmxeZJeho&feat ure=fvwrel

29. WHAT IS NATURAL SELECTION? NOW IT’S YOUR TURN – DRAW STABILIZING, DIRECTIONAL AND DISRUPTIVE SELECTION Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College. http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php

30. CHAP 15 – THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION CHARLES DARWIN EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION NATURAL SELECTION SPECIATION Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College. http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php

31. WHAT IS SPECIATION? GEOGRAPHIC ISOLATION REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College. http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php

32. WHAT IS SPECIATION? GEOGRAPHIC ISOLATION REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION GRADUALISM PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIUM Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

33. WHAT IS SPECIATION? GEOGRAPHIC ISOLATION REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION GRADUALISM PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIUM DIVERGENT EVOLUTION ADAPTIVE RADIATION CONVERGENT EVOLUTION Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

34. ADAPTIVE RADIATION – AN EXAMPLE OF DIVERGENT EVOLUTION Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College. http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php http://www.vanderbilt.edu/AnS/english/Clayton/Galapago_finches.gif

35. CONVERGENT EVOLUTION – WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE? Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College. http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php

36. Important Terms Gradualism - evolution of species occurs over long periods of time. Punctuated equilibrium - evolution of new species occurs in periods of rapid change, separated by long periods of little or no change.

37. Examples of Evolution Industrial melanism - English moth experiment Galapagos Island Finches - beak length and food supply How do new species develop ? Species - a group of individuals that look alike and can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. Speciation - the formation of a new species Divergence - the accumulation of differences between groups within a population. Ecological Races - this is usually the first step. Populations living in different locations, with different kinds of environments can cause slight differences in individual traits. Over time, these differences can become enough that the "races" can no longer interbreed and produce fertile offspring. Thus, a new species. Not only geographic location causes the difference, but also the time of mating, and the "attraction" between different individuals may change (pheremones).

38. Science of Evolution….

39. SUMMARY 1. The key behind evolution is that the environment dictates the direction and the amount of change that will occur. 2. Individuals do not evolve; populations do. 3. As the environment changes, offspring either are favored and continue the species; or the weak die off and do not pass on the genetic code. 4. Separation of species is the key to producing new species. Physical barriers eliminate interbreeding and the maintenance of the gene pool. Minor genetic changes can now spread throughout a population without dilution.