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2. Formaldehyde Neutralization in the Embalming Laboratory W.E. Burkel, D.A. Mueller, and T.R. Gest Division of Anatomical Sciences University of Michigan Medical School

3. TO: William Burkel, Professor Anatomy and Cell Biology 5713 Medical Science Building II 0616 FROM: Ed Valentine, Industrial Hygienist DATE: September 29, 1994 SUBJECT: Formaldebyde Sampling, Gross Anatomy Laboratory, Medical Science Building II On September 16, 1994, samples of airborne formaldehyde were collected during a gross anatomy laboratory session in rooms 3635, 3637, 3613, and 3605 of the Medical Science Building II. During sampling, students and instructors dissected the neck region of cadavers fixed with an embalming solution containing formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, and ethanol. Samples were collected on Assay Technology passive dosimeters and were analyzed at an American Industrial Hygiene Association accredited laboratory. All samples were collected in the breathing zone of instructors and students. Four samples were collected for the duration of the lab session and five samples were collected during selected fifteen minute periods throughout the lab session...

4. Federal and state standards for formaldehyde set perrnissible exposure limits at 0.75 ppm for an eight hour time ‑ weighted average exposure (TWA) and 2 ppm for a fifteen minute short term exposure limit (STEL). The results given in table one indicate that employees have been exposed above these limits. TWA results ranged from 0.29 to 1.15 ppm. The STEL results ranged from 1.2 to 4.1 ppm. The eight hour TWAs were calculated with the assumption that employees were not exposed to formaldehyde outside of the saunpled period. Engineering and/or administrative controls must be put into place to reduce formaldehyde exposure in the gross anatomy classes. The attached summary of the formaldehyde standard outlines the procedures that must be put into place at various exposure levels. The ventilation system must be checked for proper operation. If the system is operating correctly, and other means of exposure reduction cannot be implemented, modification of the ventilation system should be investigated through Facilities Planning and Design....

5. TWA Before Engineering Controls--ppm TWA=breathing zone1.15 0.72 0.35 exposure averaged0.94 0.07 0.53 over 8 hours0.48 0.43 1.80 0.29 0.63 0.63 Permissible limit0.44 0.30 0.49 0.75 ppm0.21 0.79 Average 0.60 STDEV 0.41 Range 0.21-1.80

6. TWA - AFTER Engineering Controls - ppm TWA=breathing zone0.37 0.49 0.32 exposure averaged0.37 0.68 0.19 over 8 hours0.29 0.35 0.14 0.32 0.40 0.11 Permissible limit0.45 0.30 0.54 0.75 ppm0.23 0.38 Average 0.35 STDEV 0.14 Range 0.11-0.68

7. STEL Before Engineering Controls STEL= Short term (15 min.)2.70 1.60 1.50 Exposure in breathing zone1.90 1.30 1.60 4.10 1.80 1.30 Permissible STEL = 2.0 ppm 1.20 1.30 6.50 3.10 3.00 2.10 1.60 1.30 3.00 Average2.07 STDEV1.08 Range1.2-6.5

8. STEL AFTER Engineering Controls STEL= Short term (15 min.)2.30 0.97 0.90 Exposure in breathing zone0.45 2.60 0.60 1.08 2.10 0.50 Permissible STEL = 2.0 ppm 3.00 1.20 3.40 1.30 0.40 Average1.63 STDEV1.02 Range0.45-3.4

9. TIME WEIGHTED ANALYSIS TWA BEFORE AFTER AFTER AFTER ENGINEERING ENGINEERING INFUTRACE MEA CONTROLS

10. SHORT TERM EXPOSTURE LIMIT BEFORE AFTER AFTER AFTER ENGINEERING ENGINEERING INFUTRACE MEA CONTROLS

11. Date: Thu, 11 Dec 97 11:38:52 EST From: Janet Follo To: wburkel@umich.edu wburkel@umich.edu Subject: Formaldehyde Test Results Dr. Burkel Great News! I finally received the last of the formaldehyde results for the monitoring we did back in November with monoethanolamine. All results came back with non-detectable levels of formaldehyde.....

12. TO:William Burkel, Ph.D., Professor of Anatomy Horace Bomar, Director of Medical Facilities FROM:Janet Follo, OSEH Representative DATE:September 15, 1999 SUBJECT:Formaldehyde Exposure, Gross Anatomy Lab MS II On August 23, 1999 OSEH conducted air sampling for formaldehyde during a gross anatomy laboratory session in rooms 3605, 3613, 3635, and 3637 of the Medical Science Building II Sampling Results The results of this sampling survey indicated that TWA ranged from 0.09 ppm to 0.22 ppm, all below the PEL. The STEL results ranged from 0.30 ppm to 0.81 ppm, all below the STEL. Conclusions and Follow up The measured formaldehyde exposures for this survey are considered safe, in comparison to current criteria. The University has met the safety criteria of the Formaldehyde Standard and is currently exempt from major parts of the regulation. This includes air monitoring and medical surveillance requirements. Additional monitoring and or medical surveillance may be warranted if changes in the preparation of cadavers occur.

13. Embalming: Place Cadaver on embalming blocks to allow drainage Disinfect body, shave hair Identify cadaver in more than one location

14. Place Cadaver on embalming blocks to allow drainage

15. Disinfect Cadaver with Tris Spray

16. Identify cadaver in Two or more Spots

17. Identify Cadaver in more than one Location

18. Embalming Simple Instruments - Aneurism Hooks, Large Bent Forceps, Scissors, Injection canula

20. Embalming (continued): Raise right common carotid and place injection canula Raise right jugular vein and place long bent forceps into right atrium Mix embalming chemical

21. Raise Right Common Carotid and place injection canula Raise Right Jugular Vein and place long bent forceps into right atrium and right ventricle

22. Stock Embalming Chemical Formaldehyde (37%) 2.50 % Ethanol 13.53 % Non-Ionic Detergent 0.12 % EDTA 0.4 % Ethylene Glycol 3.38 % Gluteraldehyde 1.08 % Methanol 0.47 %

23. Embalming Solution: Embalming Chemical - 23% Deionized Water - 77%

24. First Injection Inject Embalming Chemical at 20 pounds of pressure Inject a 3.5 gallon solution Wait 24 hours

25. Second Injection Same solution as first injection Wait 24 hours

26. Third Injection Same solution as second injection except Wait 48 hours

27. Neutralization Injection 10 quarts deionized water Add 16 oz. of Trisco Formaldehyde Neutralizer Inject chemical at 20 pounds pressure Wait 24 hours Remove instruments Mist Cadaver with Tris Spray Place in 5 mil plastic bag and seal shut

29. Cost of Neutralization Trisco Formaldehyde Neutralizer - $2.25 per cadaver Infutrace - approximately $12.00 per cadaver

30. Benefits of Trisco Formaldehyde Neutralizer No Formaldehyde exposure No downdraft tables and equipment needed No crystals Low cost Simple solution to formaldehyde problems OSEH will love you

31. Actual specimens embalmed and neutralized using the procedures described in this program

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