1. Cell Structures and Functions
Topics to be covered in Year 10 Biology:
Cell Structure
Structure of DNA
DNA History
DNA Replication
Genes & DNA
Chromosomes
Mitosis & Meiosis
Genotype & Phenotype
Inheritance
Using Punnet Squares & Pedigrees
Gene Technology & Ethics
Geological Time
Natural Selection
Evolution
Biology Excursion at CSIRO booked for Wednesday 26 March

6. Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Cell Membrane

7. Cell Membrane Outer boundary of cell Protects the cell
Is like a security guard
Controls what enters and leaves the cell

8. Cytoplasm Fluid within cell that supports all organelles
Moves materials throughout the cell

9. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Nucleus
Nickname: “The Control Center”
Function: Controls most activities in the cell
Contains all genetic information in the form of DNA.
Parts:
Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of the nucleus that helps make ribosome's

10. Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Ribosome's
Nucleus
Cell Membrane

11. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Ribosome's
Function: Makes proteins
Found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Prokaryotic – bacterial cells, nucleic acid not contained in nucleus
Eukaryotic – plant and animal cells
Transports materials between the cytoplasm and nucleus
May be free in cytoplasm or attached to ER
Proteins are vital to life- all cells must produce them

12. Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Ribosome's
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

13. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Nickname: “Roads”
Function: The internal delivery system of the cell
Series of folded membranes that form sacs or tubes
Rough ER has ribosome's attached

14. Endoplasmic Reticulum
2 Types:
Rough ER:
Rough appearance because it has ribosome's
Function: helps make proteins
Smooth ER:
No ribosome's
Function: makes fats or lipids

15. Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Ribosome's
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Ribosome's
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Complex

16. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Golgi Complex
Nickname: The chef
Function: packages, modifies, and transports materials to different location inside/outside of the cell
Appearance: stack of pancakes
Cells that make saliva or mucus have many Golgi bodies

17. Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Ribosome's
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Bodies

18. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Lysosomes:
Circular, but bigger than ribosome's
Nickname: “Clean-up Crews” or a shredder
Function: to break down food into particles the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells
Found in Golgi bodies
Contain digestive enzymes to digest unwanted particles
Help white blood cells to destroy bacteria

19. Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Ribosome's
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Bodies

20. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Mitochondria
Nickname: “The Powerhouse”
Function: Energy formation
Breaks down food to make ATP
ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that require energy
Many mitochondria in muscle cells

22. Animal Cell Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosome's Nucleus Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Bodies

23. Plant Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Vacuole Cell Membrane
Section 7-2
Vacuole
Cell Membrane

24. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Vacuoles
Function: Stores water, food or waste
Nickname: Storage cupboard
This is what makes lettuce crisp
When there is no water, the plant wilts

25. Plant Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Vacuole Chloroplasts
Section 7-2
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane

26. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
Chloroplasts (Plastids)
Function: Traps energy from the sun to produce glucose for the plant cell
Green in color because of chlorophyll, which is a green pigment

27. Plant Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Vacuole Chloroplasts
Section 7-2
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall

28. Cell Wall
Function: Provides support and protection to the cell membrane
Only found in plant cells
Adds protection and support
Made of cellulose.
Allows water and dissolved substances to pass through.

29. Plant Cell Cytoplasm Vacuole Smooth ER Ribosome's Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Nucleolus
Golgi Bodies
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Rough ER

30. Comparing Plant and Animal Cells