1. 17.3 NEW AMERICAN DIPLOMACY
OBJECTIVES:
Critique Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign policy as president.
Explain the Open Door policy & its effects on relations between the U.S. & Asia.
MAIN IDEA: Under President Theodore Roosevelt, the U.S. increased its power on the world stage.
sphere of influence
Open Door Policy
Boxer Rebellion
“Great White Fleet”
Hay-Pauncefote Treaty
Roosevelt Corollary
dollar diplomacy

2. Theodore Roosevelt’s Rise to Power
1900 election: President McKinley defeated William Jennings Bryan by a wide margin
On September 6, 1901, Leon Czolgosz shot President McKinley, who died a few days later
Theodore Roosevelt, McKinley’s vice president, became the youngest person to become president
believed U.S. had a duty to shape the “less civilized” parts of the world
wanted U.S. to become a world power.
He believed the U.S. had a duty to shape the “less civilized” parts of the world, and he wanted the U.S. to become a world power.

3. CHINA’S OPEN DOOR POLICY
China had remained a traditional society up until the late 1800s. In 1894, China lost a war against newly modernized Japan & made China realize they too needed to modernize & begin trade with other foreign nations.
China contained on its land some of the world’s best resources. Other world powers went in & established their own economic zones within the country; these zones were called “spheres of influence.”
In a sphere of influence, a foreign country comes into China and sets up their own economic zone within China; in this zone the foreign power controls the economy (although politically the land still belongs to China).
The U.S. did not want to be excluded  Open Door Policy- an international economic policy in which China opened up its doors for trade to the rest of the world.
Exploitation of Chinese resources began and many Chinese nationalists were angered.
China, just having lost a war, was in a weak state and therefore easy to take advantage of.

4. Roosevelt & Asia: THE GREAT WHITE FLEET
1907 Roosevelt sends 16 battleships of the new U.S. navy on a voyage around the world to showcase the nation’s military might
Stopped in Japan to show U.S. would uphold its interests in Asia (growing tension between the two countries throughout early 1900s)

5. A Growing Presence in the Caribbean: The Panama Canal
(1901) Hay-Pauncefote Treaty = signed by the U.S. & G.B. gave the U.S. exclusive rights to build/control any proposed canal through Central Am.
French company that had begun to build a canal through Panama offered to sell its rights & property in Panama to the U.S.
In 1903 Panama was still a part of Colombia, which refused John Hay’s offer to purchase the land & gain rights to build the canal.
Panamanians decided to declare their independence from Colombia & make their own deal with the U.S. to build the canal  U.S. sent ships to Panama to prevent Colombia from interfering & U.S. recognized Panama’s independence & the two nations signed a treaty to have the canal built
PANAMA v. NICARAGUA – Fr offer Panama

6. A Growing Presence in the Caribbean: REVOLT IN PANAMA
Because of the Sp.-Am. war, the US realized that they needed a quicker route from the Pacific to the Atlantic ocean. The US navy would be much more efficient if a shortcut could be found. The Panama Canal, if built, would reduce travel time drastically.
In addition, ownership of the Panama Canal would mean that the US could make a lot of $ & possess a lot of influence as the country who possesses the“key to door” to the Pacific & Atlantic. It would also increase & make easier American trade with other countries.
President Teddy Roosevelt pushed for the building of the Panama Canal at all costs  make America’s presence known throughout the world.
After some political/naval maneuvering, the US was able to obtain from Colombia (the original owners of the isthmus of Panama where the canal was to be built) the isthmus of Panama. American then, after long years and work, built the canal!
The short uprising against Colombia was supported by the United States, which sent ships to Panama to prevent Colombia from interfering.
Construction of the 50-mile canal took 10 yrs
Shortened distance from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean by about 8,000 nautical miles

8. A Growing Presence in the Caribbean: THE ROOSEVELT COROLLARY
Increased involvement in world affairs & an increased interest in building the Panama Canal led Roosevelt to issue the Roosevelt Corollary (1904) to the Monroe Doctrine = U.S. would intervene in Latin American affairs when necessary to maintain eco. & pol. stability in the Western Hemisphere
1ST applied to the Dominican Republic when it fell behind in its debt payments to Eur. nations
“I’m going to build a canal, so stay away! Spain & any power who wants to intervene in the Americas has to deal with the United States!”
This statement of intent is a reminder to the rest of the world of the earlier stated (81 years earlier!) Monroe Doctrine of 1823, which also warned the world powers of the world to stay out of the western hemisphere.
Lat. Am. nations resented the growing American influence
Monroe Doctrine = european powers stay out of western hemisphere

9. “BIG STICK” DIPLOMACY

11. A Growing Presence in the Caribbean: DOLLAR DIPLOMACY
After Teddy Roosevelt, the next president, William Howard Taft, adopted dollar diplomacy, which agreed to financially aid Panama out of troubles in order to protect American interests in Panama (specifically, the Panama Canal, of course).
William Howard Taft, continued Roosevelt’s policies.
He believed that if Am. business leaders supported Lat. Am. & Asian development, everyone would benefit  his policy came to be called dollar diplomacy.

12. IMPERIALIST PRESIDENTIAL POLICY
9:44 mins – TR & Panama, Roosevelt Corollary/big stick & great white fleet & Taft & dollar diplomacy then Wilson intervenes in Haiti/Dominican republic
*review of what I just talked about – so if you didn’t listen to me, maybe you’ll listen to them