1. Sassafras LAURACEAE

2. magnoliids monocots Current Angiosperm Phylogeny Group Tree for Flowering Plants 2010

3. LAURACEAE current history of the order Laurales - APG website

10. folded carpel portion ascidiate base stamens Lauraceae - flower development

12. Ocotea lancifolia, Photo of W. Thomas 10597.

13. Cineole from Laurus nobilis Linalool from Aniba (Brazilian rosewood) Safrole from Sassafras Cinnamaldehyde, from Cinnamomum (cinnamon) A cabinet of ethereal oils from the Lauraceae

14. essential (ethereal) oils: more or less volatile and often aromatic substances made up of various kinds of terpenes terpenes Terpenes (terpenoids) : usually hydrophilic compounds consisting of an isoprenoid skeleton, subdivided according to number of carbon atoms isoprenoid 10 = mono 15 = sesqui 20 = di Isoprene (isoprenoid) : a volatile unsaturated branched chain five-carbon hydrocarbon that is the basic unit of terpenes terpenes Isoprene, C5 H8.

15. monoterpenoids : with a base of C10 H16, they occur in essential oils and are made up of one or two isoprene rings or an open chain of isoprene units; essential oils isoprene They are colorless, water-insoluble, volatile, with fragrant odor. All of these are also found in the Lauraceae

16. Sassafras Beilschmiedia etc. Gondwana genera Persea - avocado Lindera - spicebush Laurus - bayleaf Cinnamomum Ocotea boreotropicalmadrean- neotropical austral DNA: 17-20 ybp worldwide

17. Persea americana - the avocado i - morning phase j - afternoon phase

18. Persea borbonia - red bay

19. Beilschmiedia and the resplendant quetzal

21. Ocotea-Nectandra

22. Key Characters: Magnoliid syndrome Green twigs, ascending secondaries, leaves clustered Tiny flowers with 2–3 stamen whorls and flap dehiscence Fruits with cupules

23. http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/soltislab/FGP_Education/Persea.html Chanderbali, A.S, van der Werff, H., Renner, S.S. 2001. Phylogeny and historical biogeography of Lauraceae: Evidence from the chloroplast and nuclear genomes. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 88: 104-134. Gottlieb, O. R 1972. Chemosystematics of the Lauraceae. Phytochemistry, 11: 1537- 1570. The various chemical constituents of the Lauraceae are discussed in relation to the taxonomy of the family. Although there is a great paucity of data, the variation in the arylpropanoids, alkaloids, flavanoids and terpene constituents is in general in agreement with the subdivision of the family put forward by Kostermans. Qiu, Y.-L. Lee, J., Bernasconi-Quadroni, F., Soltis, D.E., Soltis, P.S., Zanis, M., Zimmer, E.A., Chen, Z. Savolainen, V. Chase, M.W. 2000. Phylogeny of basal angiosperms: analyses of five genes from three genomes. Int. J. Plant Sci. 161 (6 Suppl.): S3-S27. Simić, A., Soković, M. D., Ristić, M., Grujić ‐ Jovanović, S., Vukojević, J., & Marin, P. D. (2004). The chemical composition of some Lauraceae essential oils and their antifungal activities. Phytotherapy Research, 18(9), 713-717. Soltis, D.E., Soltis, P.S., Albert, V.A., Oppenheimer, D.G, dePamphilis, C.W., Frohlich, M.W., Theißen, G. 2002. Missing links: The genetic arcitecture of the flower and floral diversification. Trends Plant Sci. 7: 22- 31. Lauraceae references: