1. CHAPTER 8 ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NEW GOVERNMENT

2. _______________________- 1 st President_______________________- 1 st President __________________- formal ceremony starting term, taking the oath of office__________________- formal ceremony starting term, taking the oath of office Left hand on a Bible, raised right handLeft hand on a Bible, raised right hand Added “so help me God”Added “so help me God” No other European country could serve as an example of a republic!No other European country could serve as an example of a republic!

3. Establishing a CabinetEstablishing a Cabinet Secretary of State: _________________Secretary of State: _________________ Secretary of the Treasury: _________________Secretary of the Treasury: _________________ Secretary of War: KnoxSecretary of War: Knox Attorney General: RandolphAttorney General: Randolph Chapter 8 – Establishment of the New Government pp. 142-146

4. Different VisionsDifferent Visions Alexander Hamilton (________________)Alexander Hamilton (________________) wanted America to be an urban, industrial country with a diverse economywanted America to be an urban, industrial country with a diverse economy Thomas Jefferson (________________)Thomas Jefferson (________________) wanted America to be rural and agriculturalwanted America to be rural and agricultural Chapter 8 – Establishment of the New Government pp. 142-146

5. One of the biggest problems facing the new administration was the lack of ___________. Chapter 8 – Establishment of the New Government pp. 142-146

6. ____________________________________________________ levy taxeslevy taxes import tariffs and _____________tax (a tax paid for the manufacture or sale of certain goods and services within a country)import tariffs and _____________tax (a tax paid for the manufacture or sale of certain goods and services within a country) repay money borrowed during the Revolutionrepay money borrowed during the Revolution repay debts incurred by the statesrepay debts incurred by the states establish a _____________________ (major share privately owned)establish a _____________________ (major share privately owned) Chapter 8 – Establishment of the New Government pp. 142-146

7. Differing ViewsDiffering Views the assumption of state debtsthe assumption of state debts the establishment of a national bankthe establishment of a national bank political partiespolitical parties Federalist Party: led by __________________Federalist Party: led by __________________ Democratic-Republicans (Republicans): led by __________________Democratic-Republicans (Republicans): led by __________________ Chapter 8 – Establishment of the New Government pp. 142-146

8. The ______________ RebellionThe ______________ Rebellion Farmers in western Pennsylvania, who were angry over the whiskey tax, attacked federal officials.Farmers in western Pennsylvania, who were angry over the whiskey tax, attacked federal officials. Washington offered the rebels a group ___________if they would agree to abide by law, but they refused.Washington offered the rebels a group ___________if they would agree to abide by law, but they refused. Chapter 8 – Establishment of the New Government pp. 142-146

9. Washington led a force of militiamen against the rebels, proving the nation’s commitment to the ________________.Washington led a force of militiamen against the rebels, proving the nation’s commitment to the ________________. Chapter 8 – Establishment of the New Government pp. 142-146

10. Establishing the Federal Court SystemEstablishing the Federal Court System _______________ of 1789_______________ of 1789 Supreme Court: led by ________________Supreme Court: led by ________________ Federal district courts: one located in each of the thirteen statesFederal district courts: one located in each of the thirteen states Chapter 8 – Establishment of the New Government pp. 142-146

11. _________________ of appeals: established to hear appeals sent up by the federal courts and state supreme courts_________________ of appeals: established to hear appeals sent up by the federal courts and state supreme courts Chapter 8 – Establishment of the New Government pp. 142-146

12. Congress’s first order of business: the ___________________ ___________________ The Bill of Rights was ratified by the states in late ___________. Chapter 8 – Establishment of the New Government pp. 142-146

13. Fighting Indians on the __________________Fighting Indians on the __________________ The government broke many of its treaties with the Indians along the frontier in order to take their land.The government broke many of its treaties with the Indians along the frontier in order to take their land. The Indians began to fight back in an attempt to save their lands.The Indians began to fight back in an attempt to save their lands. Chapter 8 – Establishment of the New Government pp. 142-146

14. Battle of _________________ _________________Battle of _________________ _________________ Anthony Wayne: the hero of Fallen TimbersAnthony Wayne: the hero of Fallen Timbers Treaty of _______________: The Indians gave up their claim to half of Ohio.Treaty of _______________: The Indians gave up their claim to half of Ohio. Chapter 8 – Establishment of the New Government pp. 142-146

15. Although the United States had established its independence with its victory in the Revolution, other world _________________ were unsure of its strength. Chapter 8 – Establishment of the New Government pp. 147-149

16. America and the ___________________America and the ___________________ The French Revolution took a different approach than the American Revolution.The French Revolution took a different approach than the American Revolution. At first, the Americans supported it, but this soon changed.At first, the Americans supported it, but this soon changed. Chapter 8 – Establishment of the New Government pp. 147-149

17. Washington proposed a policy of _______________ in European affairs.Washington proposed a policy of _______________ in European affairs. Neutrality Proclamation: declared America “impartial” to all possible foreign foesNeutrality Proclamation: declared America “impartial” to all possible foreign foes Chapter 8 – Establishment of the New Government pp. 147-149

18. ________________________________ French agent who tested the Neutrality ProclamationFrench agent who tested the Neutrality Proclamation Chapter 8 – Establishment of the New Government pp. 147-149

19. Trouble with the BritishTrouble with the British _________________: disagreement over the rights of neutral countries at sea_________________: disagreement over the rights of neutral countries at sea __________________________________ the seizing of American sailors to serve on British shipsthe seizing of American sailors to serve on British ships Chapter 8 – Establishment of the New Government pp. 147-149

20. The _____________, 1794The _____________, 1794 Very unpopularVery unpopular United States: agreed to limit trade with France and pay British citizens what they owed themUnited States: agreed to limit trade with France and pay British citizens what they owed them Chapter 8 – Establishment of the New Government pp. 147-149

21. ___________: agreed to abandon their forts in the Northwest, pay the United States for ships seized, and open some ports in the British West Indies to American trade___________: agreed to abandon their forts in the Northwest, pay the United States for ships seized, and open some ports in the British West Indies to American trade Chapter 8 – Establishment of the New Government pp. 147-149

22. Settling Differences with SpainSettling Differences with Spain ____________ continued to threaten American settlements along the frontier.____________ continued to threaten American settlements along the frontier. ____________________: gave the United States the right of deposit and established the border along the thirty-first parallel____________________: gave the United States the right of deposit and established the border along the thirty-first parallel Chapter 8 – Establishment of the New Government pp. 147-149

23. Washington’s most important precedent was his ___________ surrender of power. Chapter 8 – Establishment of the New Government pp. 149-151

24. Washington’s FarewellWashington’s Farewell avoid _______________________avoid _______________________ avoid entangling alliancesavoid entangling alliances avoid ________________avoid ________________ Henry Lee called Washington, “First in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen.”Henry Lee called Washington, “First in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen.” Chapter 8 – Establishment of the New Government pp. 149-151

25. The __________________The __________________ Republican candidate: Thomas JeffersonRepublican candidate: Thomas Jefferson Opposed by Aaron BurrOpposed by Aaron Burr Federalist candidate: John Adams (1 st vice president)Federalist candidate: John Adams (1 st vice president) Chapter 8 – Establishment of the New Government pp. 149-151

26. In ______________________ ______________________In ______________________ ______________________ Adams was well qualified for the presidency but was never as popular as Washington and was undermined by internal conflicts in his cabinet.Adams was well qualified for the presidency but was never as popular as Washington and was undermined by internal conflicts in his cabinet. Chapter 8 – Establishment of the New Government pp. 149-151

27. George Washington had set a good example as the first president. The country was growing _______________. But President Adams still had a difficult job ahead of him. Chapter 8 – Establishment of the New Government pp. 153-156

28. The ______________The ______________ The French (in response to the Jay Treaty) began targeting American shippingThe French (in response to the Jay Treaty) began targeting American shipping Chapter 8 – Establishment of the New Government pp. 153-156

29. American Envoys Meet French AgentsAmerican Envoys Meet French Agents Adams sent John Marshall and Elbridge Gerry to assist Thomas Pinckney in negotiating with the French.Adams sent John Marshall and Elbridge Gerry to assist Thomas Pinckney in negotiating with the French. Chapter 8 – Establishment of the New Government pp. 153-156

30. __________ agents (X, Y, and Z) sought a bribe from the American envoy sent to meet with the French government.__________ agents (X, Y, and Z) sought a bribe from the American envoy sent to meet with the French government. Chapter 8 – Establishment of the New Government pp. 153-156

31. A Call to ArmsA Call to Arms In response, ___________ began preparing the country for war.In response, ___________ began preparing the country for war. Forty ships were built, including theForty ships were built, including the U. S. S. Constitution. “_______________”: undeclared war between the United States and France“_______________”: undeclared war between the United States and France Chapter 8 – Establishment of the New Government pp. 153-156

32. War AvoidedWar Avoided Convention of 1800: peace agreement with France, ending the “quasi war,” signed by President John AdamsConvention of 1800: peace agreement with France, ending the “quasi war,” signed by President John Adams Chapter 8 – Establishment of the New Government pp. 153-156

33. The _______________ ActsThe _______________ Acts Supported by the FederalistsSupported by the Federalists purpose: to protect the country in war and limit the power of the Republicanspurpose: to protect the country in war and limit the power of the Republicans _________________ Act: extended the time required to gain American citizenship_________________ Act: extended the time required to gain American citizenship Chapter 8 – Establishment of the New Government pp. 153-156

34. _____________ Act: allowed the president to imprison or expel any “dangerous” foreigner_____________ Act: allowed the president to imprison or expel any “dangerous” foreigner _____________ Act: any person who wrote or published anything false or malicious against the government could be fined and imprisoned._____________ Act: any person who wrote or published anything false or malicious against the government could be fined and imprisoned. Chapter 8 – Establishment of the New Government pp. 153-156

35. Opposition to the Alien and Sedition ActsOpposition to the Alien and Sedition Acts ____________ and ________________Resolutions: written by Madison and Jefferson, never went into effect____________ and ________________Resolutions: written by Madison and Jefferson, never went into effect ___________________: The states had the right to nullify any federal law within its boundaries.___________________: The states had the right to nullify any federal law within its boundaries. Chapter 8 – Establishment of the New Government pp. 153-156

36. The Disputed __________________The Disputed __________________ candidatescandidates Federalist: AdamsFederalist: Adams Republican: JeffersonRepublican: Jefferson winner: Jefferson/Burrwinner: Jefferson/Burr Chapter 8 – Establishment of the New Government pp. 153-156

37. Chapter 8 – Establishment of the New Government p. 156

38. One of John Adams’s final accomplishments was the appointment of a new chief justice to the Supreme Court. His appointment had far-reaching effects on the power of the court. Chapter 8 – Establishment of the New Government pp. 157-158

39. The Appointment of ______________________The Appointment of ______________________ John MarshallJohn Marshall appointed chief justice shortly before Adams left officeappointed chief justice shortly before Adams left office believed that the judiciary branch was “the weakest of the three departments of power”believed that the judiciary branch was “the weakest of the three departments of power” strengthened the court systemstrengthened the court system Chapter 8 – Establishment of the New Government pp. 157-158

40. The Judiciary Bill and the Midnight JudgesThe Judiciary Bill and the Midnight Judges “_______________” : Adams appointed fifty-eight new judges the night before he left office.“_______________” : Adams appointed fifty-eight new judges the night before he left office. Chapter 8 – Establishment of the New Government pp. 157-158

41. ___________________ ______________________________________ ___________________ judicial review: gave the court the power to determine the constitutionality of a lawjudicial review: gave the court the power to determine the constitutionality of a law Declared part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 _________________Declared part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 _________________ Chapter 8 – Establishment of the New Government pp. 157-158