1. Chapter 5

2. Question
In the years immediately after a fire, a forest will experience…

3. Answer
Secondary Succession

4. Question
Which of the following best describes a successful individual in evolutionary terms?
A. A successful individual possesses traits that are different from the traits of the rest of the population.
B. A successful individual produces many offspring that possess unique traits.
C. A successful individual is well adapted to its environment and produces offspring that survive to pass on genes.
D. A successful individual will be well adapted to its environment and produce a few high quality offspring.

5. Answer
C – A successful individual is well adapted to its environment and produces offspring that survive to pass on genes

6. Question
An interaction in which an individual of one species kills and consumes an individual of another is called…

7. Answer
Predation

8. Question
In the Western United States, at the southern edge of their range, moose are sometimes so severely infested with ticks that they die. The tick/moose relationship is best described as…

9. Answer
parasitic

10. Question
A beehive depends on pollen from flowers to survive. Flowers depend on bees to pollinate them. Humans tend bee hives, offering the bees a place to live in exchange for some of their honey. The relationship among these three sets of organisms is…

11. Answer
Mutualism

12. Question
The ultimate source of energy in an ecosystem in which deer eat grass and coyotes eat deer is…

13. Answer
The sun

14. Question
In a food web that consists of grass, mice, deer, coyotes, and hawks, which species is likely to have the greatest biomass?

15. Answer
grass

16. Question
A niche restricted by competition is a _______ niche.

17. Answer
realized

18. Question
In the history of the world, how many mass extinctions have occurred?

19. Answer 5

20. Question
A deer browsing on shrubs is an example of…

21. Answer
Herbivory

22. Question
The first level of all food pyramids consists of …

23. Answer
Primary producers

24. Question
A species with a restricted tolerance for environmental conditions is a ….

25. Answer
Specialist

26. Question
A landslide causes part of a mountainside to fall away, leaving bare rock. In the years immediately following the landslide, the area will experience _____ succession.

27. Answer
Primary succession

28. Question
If these are present in a new environment, a species is unlikely to become invasive (3).

29. Answer
Predators, parasites, and competitors

30. Question
In Madagascar, several species of lemur eat bamboo, but each species specializes in one part of the bamboo – one species eats mature bamboo stalks, one species eats bamboo shoots, and one species eats leaves. This is an example of…

31. Answer
Resource partitioning

32. Question
In the previous question, one lemur species eats only bamboo shoots. Bamboo shoots contain high levels of cyanide, a toxic chemical. This lemur species has developed a tolerance for a certain amount of cyanide. What do you think will happen over time?

33. Answer
The level of cyanide in the bamboo population will increase

34. Question
When energy is transferred between trophic levels, the amount of available energy lost is about…

35. Answer
90%

36. Question
Humans are generally ______vores

37. Answer
Omnivores

38. Question
Any being that uses sun’s energy to create sugars is a …

39. Answer
Primary producer

40. Question
Two populations of deer species are separated when a glacier forms. After the glacier melts, the two populations have become different species. This is and example of allopatric _________.

41. Answer
Speciation

42. Question
Communities that are powered by the sun depend on ________ for their energy. (The answer is not primary producers)

43. Answer
photosynthesis

44. Question
Animals gathering around a water hole in a drought prone area and establishing hierarchies of access to the water is an example of ________.

45. Answer
Competition

46. Question
You have many species of bacteria living in your gut that help you with digestion. This relationship is best defined as …

47. Answer
Commensalism/Mutualism

48. Question
An _____ species is a species that has been introduced to a new area and lacks limiting factors.

49. Answer
Invasive

50. Question
True or False: A nation where most of the people eat primarily vegetarian diet will be able to support a lower population than it would if the people ate a lot of meat.

51. Answer
False

52. Question
The twenty varieties of heirloom tomatoes available at your local farmer’s market are the result of …

53. Answer
Artificial selection

54. Question
_______________ is an interaction in which an animal eats a plant.

55. Answer
Herbivory

56. Question
An organism’s ______ describes its use of resources and functional role in a community.

57. Answer
Niche

58. Question
______ is an accidental change in DNA

59. Answer
mutation

60. Question
______ consume nonliving organic matter including leaf litter, waste products, and the dead bodies of other communities.

61. Answer
detritivores

62. Question
_____ is a close, long-term association between two organisms.

63. Answer
Symbiosis

64. Question
____ is the process by which bacteria use energy stored in bonds of hydrogen sulfide to convert carbon dioxide and water to sugars.

65. Answer
Chemosynthesis

66. Question
A species that has a strong and wide-ranging impact on a community is a _________ species.

67. Answer
Keystone

68. Question
____ break down nonliving matter into simpler parts that can be taken up and reused by primary producers

69. Answer
decomposer