1. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.14–0 Power and politics

2. A Definition of Power © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.14–1 A B Power A capacity that A has to influence the behavior of B so that B acts in accordance with A’s wishes. Dependency B’s relationship to A when A possesses something that B requires.

3. The Meaning of Power Power is the capacity of a person, team, or organization to influence others. The potential to influence others People have power they don’t use and may not know they possess Power requires one person’s perception of dependence on another person C. Price, Vancouver Province

4. Contrasting Leadership and Power Leadership Focuses on goal achievement. Requires goal compatibility with followers. Focuses influence downward. Research Focus Leadership styles and relationships with followers Power Used as a means for achieving goals. Requires follower dependency. Used to gain lateral and upward influence. Research Focus Power tactics for gaining compliance © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.14–3

5. Dependency: The Key To Power The General Dependency Postulate The greater B’s dependency on A, the greater the power A has over B. Possession/control of scarce organizational resources that others need makes a manager powerful. Access to optional resources (e.g., multiple suppliers) reduces the resource holder’s power. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.14–4

6. Power and Dependence Person A Person B’s Goals Person B Person B’s counterpowe r over Person A Person A’s power over Person B

7. What Creates Dependency? Number of ViableSubstitutesImportance of the ResourceScarcity Resource

8. Power Tactics © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.14–7 Influence Tactics : Legitimacy Rational persuasion Inspirational appeals Consultation Exchange Personal appeals Ingratiation Pressure Coalitions Influence Tactics : Legitimacy Rational persuasion Inspirational appeals Consultation Exchange Personal appeals Ingratiation Pressure Coalitions Power Tactics Ways in which individuals translate power bases into specific actions.

9. Factors affecting power tactics © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.14–8  Sequencing of tactics  Skillful use of a tactic  Relative power of the tactic user  The type of request attaching to the tactic  How the request is perceived  The culture of the organization  Country-specific cultural factors

10. Power in Groups: Coalitions © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.14–9 Seek to maximize their size to attain influence. Seek a broad and diverse constituency for support of their objectives. Occur more frequently in organizations with high task and resource interdependencies. Occur more frequently if tasks are standardized and routine. Seek to maximize their size to attain influence. Seek a broad and diverse constituency for support of their objectives. Occur more frequently in organizations with high task and resource interdependencies. Occur more frequently if tasks are standardized and routine. Coalitions Clusters of individuals who temporarily come together to a achieve a specific purpose.

11. Sexual Harassment: Unequal Power in the Workplace Sexual Harassment Unwelcome advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature. © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.14–10

12. Sexual Harassment and Power Harasser stereotypes the victim as subservient and powerless Harasser threatens job security or safety through coercive or legitimate power Hostile work environment harassment continues when the victim lacks power to stop the behavior

13. Politics: Power in Action © 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved.14–12 Political Behavior Activities that are not required as part of one’s formal role in the organization, but that influence, or attempt to influence, the distribution of advantages or disadvantages within the organization. Legitimate Political Behavior Normal everyday politics. Illegitimate Political Behavior Extreme political behavior that violates the implied rules of the game.

14. Faces of Power in Action Positive Leading Influencing Selling Persuading Negative Coercing Forcing Hurting Crushing

15. 14–14 Thank you for listening! =)