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Published byBruno Britton Hancock Modified over 9 years ago
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SOCIOPHONETICS
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Labov, 1966 The Social Stratification of English in New York City “Investigating the r pronunciation after vowels.”
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Method 1. Walking around three New York City Department Store (Saks, Macy’s, and S.Klein). 2. Asking the location of department he knew to be situated on the fourth floor.
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Result 1. r -pronunciation after vowels was being reintroduced into New York speech from above.
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Result 2. r -pronunciation after vowels was a feature of the speech of younger people older people rather than of
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3. r -pronunciation after vowels was more likely to occur as the formality level increased
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Result 4. r -pronunciation after vowels would be more likely at the ends of words before consonants than
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Trudgill, 1974 The Social Differentiation of English in Norwich How the use of variants is related to social class and level of formality Analysis of the variables (ng), (t), and (h)
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Result 1. The higher the social class, the more frequent is the use of the [ ], [t], and [h] variants rather than the corresponding [n], [ ], and [ ] variants.
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2. The higher the level of formality, the more frequent is the use of the [ ], [t], and [h] variants rather than the corresponding [n], [ ], and [ ] variants.
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Result 3. The use of [ ] is not only related to social class, but also to gender. Females show greater preference for [ ] than males.
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