1. Class ___: Evolution Evidence Review Mechanisms of Evolution Types of Evidence

2. Mechanisms of Evolution Darwin (mid 1800’s) – Naturalist = biologist who made observations about plants and animals – HMS Beagle  Galapagos Islands – Found species similar to those in Central and South America … but slightly different on the different islands. Natural Selection = organisms with traits best suited for a given environment are more likely to survive and reproduce Artificial Selection = humans select for desired traits and purposely breed plants and animals for these traits

3. 2 Types of Selection: Natural Selection –> environmentally made Galapagos Islands http://www.youtube.com/w atch?v=n3265bno2X0 http://www.youtube.com/w atch?v=n3265bno2X0 Artificial Selection -> man made Domesticated Plants Animals – Dog Breeds

4. Principles of Natural Selection 1.Organisms produce more offspring than can survive 2.Genotypic variations are found among off-spring. Sources of variation include: – Mutations – Transpositions (Barbara McClintock) – Sexual Reproductions 3.Variations are passed on to offspring 4.Some variations allow members of a population to survive and reproduce … while others do not. 5.Over time, offspring with beneficial adaptations survive and reproduce more often  more and more of the population exhibit the beneficial phenotype

5. “Evolution” in Our Classroom! Pick a tool – Knife – Fork – Spoon Why did you pick the one you did? Task 1  Results? Pick a tool – Knife – Fork – Spoon Task 2  Results?

6. How fast does evolutionary change occur? KEY IDEA: It depends … on the environment!

7. How fast does evolutionary change occur?

8. Drug Resistant Pathogens Which type of evolutionary process would this be? Gradualism or Punctuated Equilibrium

9. Types of Evidence Fossil Record – Dating Stratigraphy Radiometric – Geological Timeline Similarities in genetic make-up Homologous structures Vestigial structures Embryology

10. Fossil Record – Paleontology/ Geology Dating Stratigraphy Radiometric Geological Timeline http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SY3MZ_wNFW8

11. Similarities in Genetic Make-up – Molecular Biology All living organisms have DNA The more closely related the more commonalities in the sequence and pairs Humans and Chimps share 98 % Humans and other Humans share 99%

12. Commonalities Structures - Anatomy Homologous structures = Body parts that are similar in origin and structure Vestigial structures = body part that doesn’t seem to have a function, anymore

13. Embryology Comparative Embryology

14. Class __: Evolution Evidence Mechanisms of Evolution Types of Evidence

15. Mechanisms of Evolution D________________________ (mid 1800’s) – Naturalist = biologist who made observations about plants and animals – HMS Beagle  Galapagos Islands – Found species similar to those in Central and South America … but slightly different on the different islands. Natural Selection = organisms with t_______________ best suited for a given e_____________________ are more likely to survive and r____________________ Artificial Selection = h____________________ select for desired traits and purposely breed plants and animals for these traits

16. 2 Types of Selection: N________________________ Selection –> e__________  made Galapagos Islands http://www.youtube.com/w atch?v=n3265bno2X0 http://www.youtube.com/w atch?v=n3265bno2X0 Notes: _________________________ A______________________ Selection -> m_____  made D_____________Plants Animals – Dog B__________

17. Principles of Natural Selection 1.Organisms produce more o__________ than can survive 2.Genotypic variations are found among off-spring. Sources of variation include: – M_______________________________ – T______________________________ (Barbara McClintock) – S_________________________ Reproduction 3.V_____________________ are passed on to offspring 4.Some variations allow members of a population to s______________ and reproduce … while others do not. 5.Over time, offspring with b______________ adaptations survive and reproduce m________________ often  more and more of the population exhibit the beneficial p____________________________

18. “Evolution” in Our Classroom! Pick a tool – Knife – Fork – Spoon Why did you pick the one you did? Task 1  Results? ___________________________________ Pick a tool – Knife – Fork – Spoon Task 2  Results? ___________________________________

19. How fast does evolutionary change occur? KEY IDEA: It depends … _________________

20. How fast does evolutionary change occur?

21. Types of Evidence F____________________ Record – Dating Stratigraphy Radiometric – Geological Timeline Similarities in g_______________ make-up H_________________ structures V_________________ structures Embryology

22. Fossil Record – Paleontology/ Geology Dating S__________________ R__________________ G_________ Timeline http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SY3MZ_wNFW8

23. Similarities in Genetic Make-up – Molecular Biology All living organisms have _______________ The more closely r____________________ the more commonalities in the sequence and pairs Humans and Chimps share 98 % Humans and other Humans share 99%

24. Commonalities Structures - Anatomy Homologous structures = Body parts that are ________________ origin and ________________ Vestigial structures = body part that doesn’t seem to have a ______________, anymore

25. E_________________ Comparative Embryology