1. AP Chapter 23.2

2. Mutation  Variation  Natural Selection  Speciation Organisms better suited to the environment SURVIVE & REPRODUCE at a greater rate than those less suited to the environment and this is how… SPECIES EVOLVE

3. Mutation  Variation  Natural Selection  Speciation

4. 1. Macroevolution (Speciation): Changes which occur at or above the species level 2. Microevolution (Population Genetics): Changes which occur within the species level Microevolution is awesome!

5. Microevolution: A small scale shift in allele frequencies over time Mechanisms for Microevolution: 1. Mutations/Recombination 2. Genetic Drift 3. Gene Flow 4. Natural Selection I still love math!

6. Rarely impact plants and animals 1/100,000 genes 98% of our DNA is junk (noncoding) Somatic cell mutations die with animal Only Gamete mutations are inherited

7. Once a mutation occurs, nearly all phenotypic variations will result from shuffling of existing alleles

8. Changes in the gene pool of a population Typical Effect: decrease in genetic variation The smaller the population, the greater the effect

9. Small population survives a disaster

10. Small population is responsible for colonization

11. Individuals from different populations interbreed Result of immigration/emigration

12. Promotes favorable traits Disposes unfavorable traits

13. Changes in the biosphere, select better suited alleles

14. Individuals choose mates based on particular traits

15. Changes that affect the gene pool of a population Mutation  Variation  Natural Selection  Speciation