1. COUNTERINTELLIGENCE TRENDS
EXPORT EXPO 2014
December 9, 2014

2. FBI Counterintelligence Strategic Partnership Program
Public Voice for Counterintelligence Issues
Point of Contact for U.S. Businesses and Academia
Awareness Training

3. Protect the United States……
FBI Priorities
Protect the United States……
….From terrorist attack
….Against foreign intelligence operations/espionage
….Against cyber-based attacks and high tech crimes
Former FBI Director Mueller
June 21, 2002
Congressional Testimony

4. Issue Threat List Terrorism Espionage (National Defense Information)
Proliferation (Weapons of Mass Destruction)
Economic Espionage
National Information Infrastructure
U.S. Government
Perception Management
Foreign Intelligence Activities
Economic Espionage – Greatest Threat to US national security since the Cold War.

5. Top Espionage Techniques
Unsolicited Correspondence & Requests for Information
Exploitation of Foreign Visits
Trade Shows, Exhibits, Symposiums, Conventions & Seminars
Electronic Interception
Targeting of US Personnel Traveling Abroad
Elicitation
Cyber Intrusion Operations
Social Networking Sites
Insider Threat

6. Foreign Threat Efforts not directed against the “Crown Jewels”
Dated military technologies
Dual-use technologies
Infrastructure-supportive technologies
Proprietary Information

7. Foreign Threat 108 Countries Targeted U.S. Technologies Friend and Foe
Rich and Poor
Low and High Technologies
Government and Private
Collection against the U.S. has roughly doubled since the end of the Cold War.
Focus of Foreign Intelligence has shifted from military secrets to critical technology and U.S. proprietary economic information.
Political and military allies are just as active in technology/economic collection as our traditional adversaries.

8. Foreign Threat Commercial (Private Companies) Government Affiliated
Individual
Foreign Government
Unknown Affiliation

9. Foreign Collectors Private Sector Companies
Only way to compete with U.S.
Gain access to U.S. dominated market
Individuals
Bolster their stature in a foreign firm
Revenge (Terminated)

10. Foreign Collectors Governments Advanced Countries
Leapfrog scientific hurdle w/o time and expense
Move closer in parity with United States
Give Defense-Industrial base competitive edge
Less Advanced Countries
Technologies that increase nations power and influence
Export controlled – utilize reverse engineering and mass produce

11. Targeted Technologies FY13
(Military Critical List)
Information Systems
Information Security
Lasers, Optics and Sensors
Ground Systems
Aeronautic Systems
Marine Systems
Space Systems
Nuclear Systems
Chemical
Biological
Biomedical
Armaments & Energetic Materials
Directed Energy Systems
SOURCE: Defense Security Service (DSS) Targeting US Technologies “A Trend Analysis of Reporting from Defense Industry” 2014 report.

12. Emerging Technologies
Inertial Navigation Systems
Positioning, Navigation, & Time
Signature Control
Materials (Raw & Processed)
Synthetic Biology
Nanotechnology
Cognitive Neuroscience
Quantum Systems
SOURCE: Defense Security Service (DSS) Targeting US Technologies “A Trend Analysis of Reporting from Defense Industry” 2014 report.
Foreign entities’ interest in inertial navigation system (INS) technology has risen over the past several years, as reflected in industry reporting culminating in fiscal year 2013 (FY13). Reported targeting of INS technology rose nearly 60 percent from FY12. The Defense Security Service (DSS) produced this special focus area to alert cleared industry to the increasing foreign threat to INS technology and facilitate the implementation of mitigation strategies to counter that threat.

13. Best Practices Insider Threats
Educate and regularly train employees on security or other protocols
Routinely monitor computer networks for suspicious activity
Ensure appropriate screening process to select new employees
Cyber
Educate employees not to open w/ links or attachments from unfamiliar sources
Do not store IP vital to your company on devices that connect to the Internet
Establish protocols for quarantining suspicious s
INSIDERS’ TECHNIQUES
TOOK ADVANTAGE OF INTERNAL ACCESS TO STEAL PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
USED COMPUTERS TO DOWNLOAD INFORMATION
USED THUMB DRIVES
PRINTED DOCUMENTS
MOST INTENDED TO USE THE INFORMATION WITH ANOTHER EMPLOYER
ONE MAY HAVE DONE SO OUT OF LACK OF RECOGNITION BY CO-WORKERS

14. Joint Ventures/Joint Research
Best Practices
Joint Ventures/Joint Research
Share the minimum amount of information appropriate to the scope of the joint venture
Refuse to accept unnecessary foreign representatives
Provide foreign representatives with stand- alone computers
1. Review all documents being faxed or mailed, and translate them when necessary.
2. Provide foreign representatives with stand-alone computers.
3. Share the minimum amount of information appropriate to the scope of the joint venture.
4. Educate employees extensively on the scope of the project and how to deal with and report elicitation. Initial education must be followed by periodic sustained training.
5. Refuse to accept unnecessary foreign representatives into the facility.

15. Best Practices International Exhibits, Conventions, and Seminars
Take mock-up displays instead of real equipment
Carefully consider whether equipment or software can be adequately protected
Foreign Visitors: Risks & Mitigations
Brief all employees about threat issues surrounding foreign visitors
Ensure the number of escorts per visitor is adequate
Check background and references
Exhibits, Conventions, and Seminars – Countermeasures
1. Consider what information is being exposed, where, when and to whom.
2. Take mock-up displays instead of real equipment.
3. Provide detailed travel briefings concerning the threat, precautions to take, and how to react to elicitation.
4. Restrict information provided to what is only necessary for travel and hotel accommodations.
5. Carefully consider whether equipment or software can be adequately protected.
Inappropriate Conduct During Visits Countermeasures
1. Brief all employees about threat issues surrounding foreign visitors.
2. Ensure appropriate personnel, both escorts and those meeting with visitors, are briefed on the scope of the visit.
3. Ensure the number of escorts per visitor is adequate to properly control movement and conduct of visitors.
4. Have a Technology Control Plan.
5. Provide employees periodic security awareness briefings with regard to long-term foreign visitors.
6. Check backgrounds and references.

16. Foreign Travel Considerations
Best Practices
Foreign Travel Considerations
Sanitize your laptop, cell phone and PDA
If feasible, use a “clean” laptop, phone and new account while traveling
Do not use non-company computers to log into your company’s network
Prior to travel ensure no sensitive contact, research, or personal data in on them. Back-up all information you take overseas.
Always consider any information conveyed through a non-company computer to be compromised, even if encrypted.

17. SA Carmine Nigro Carmine.Nigro@ic.fbi.gov 617-223-6038
SA Dara L. Nussbum
SA Bradley E. Davis
1. Mention the availability of the quarterly FBI Boston CI SP Program
2. Availability of the CIVA for Corporate America as a tool for companies to use.