1. Islam

2. Islam “Submission to the will of God” Founded by Muhammad
Revised Judaism and Christianity
Considers Jesus and Moses as Prophets
Predominant in Middle East (N. Africa and Central Asia)
½ Muslims live outside this region: Pakistan, India, Indonesia, and Bangladesh
Faith dictates behaviors of adherents (no alcohol, gambling, or smoking)

3. FIGURE 6-3b

4. God (All the same in Old Test.) Religion Book of Origin
(Same for all 3)
New Ideas
Yahweh
Judaism
Old Testament
Christianity
+ New Testament (Jesus) = Bible
Allah
Islam
+ Ideas from New Testament and Mohammad= Quran

5. Origin of Islam
Traces origin to same narrative as Christianity and Judaism
Adam was first man and Abraham one of his decedents
Hagar and Ishmael banished; wandered and reached Makkah (Saudi Arabia)
Muhammad (prophet/founder) was descendent of Ishmael
Quran = Angel Gabriel’s words to Muhammad
Commanded by God to emigrate from Makkah to Yathrib, now Madinah (called the Hajira)

6. Origin of Islam/Christianity
Abraham (Descendant of Adam)
Sarah/ Isaac
Christianity
Judaism
Hagar/ Ishmael
Islam
Shiite
Sunni

7. Islam’s Branches
Split occurred shortly after the death of Muhammad over the question of who was to lead the Muslims.
Shi’a believed that Muhammad pre-selected Imam Ali, his closest male heir.
Shi’a- (sectarian)- Minority, concentrated in Iran, over 50% in Iraq
Sunnis believed that the leader should be chosen through election.
Sunni- Majority worldwide
“following example of Muhammad”

9. Core belief: 5 Pillars of Faith
Claim that Allah is the one God and Muhammad is his prophet
Pray 5 times a day facing Makkah (Mecca)
Give to charity
Fast during the holy month of Ramadan
Make a pilgrimage to Makkah once in life (called the hajj)

10. Islam in NA and Europe Increasing Muslim populations
France- large migration from N. African countries
Germany- migration from Turkey
Bosniak Muslims in Bosnia
US- Nation of Islam (Black Muslims): wanted separate nation w/in US for Muslims

11. Diff. of Islam
Same as Christianity: Relocation of Missionaries, military conquest and conversion of rulers
Conquered N. Africa and Iberian Peninsula (Sp. And Port.)
Arab traders bring Islam to Indonesia
Fastest growing world religion

12. FIGURE 6-10

13. Holy Sites Great Mosque in Mecca, SA Medinah, SA
Al-Kaba: first house built to worship Allah
Medinah, SA
Mosque built on Muhammad's house
Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, Israel
Mosque built on rock where Muhammad ascended into heaven

16. al-Ka’ba in the center of “The Great Mosque” in Makkah, SA
FIGURE 6-15

17. Tawaf- “walk around”

18. Stone fell from Heaven to show Adam and Eve Where to build an alter.

19. Mosque of the Prophet in Medinah, SA, where Muhammad is buried
FIGURE 6-7

22. Landscapes of Islam Mosques with towering minarets dominate cityscapes
Sharia Law- using laws of Quran to make laws
Ringing bells 5 times a day calls people to prayer
Prohibition against depicting the human form (icons are taboo)- used geometric forms instead of showing Muhammad
Hajj (Pilgrimage) has increased the need of workers in Saudi Arabia (4x as many employees as the oil industry)
Hotels, apartments surround the city
Muslim sites in Indonesia were once non-Muslim
Ziarats ( for non-hajj pilgrimages)

23. Minarets

24. Origin of Religions
Universalizing: precise, tied to a specific founder
Ethnic: unclear or unknown origins, not tied to a specific founder

25. Diffusion of Univ. Religions
Have specific hearths; from same continent world: Asia
Christianity (Israel/Palestine) and Islam (Saudi Arabia) from Eastern Mediterranean
Buddhism from South Asia (India)

26. Current Lack of Diff. of Ethnic Religions
Limited diffusion: no missionaries
Relocation of adherents: Amish in US
Mingle and compete with univ. religions for adherents
Judaism is an exception