1. System Analysis System Analysis - Mr. Ahmad Al-Ghoul System Analysis and Design

2. Avicenna System Analysis and Design System Analysis2 Learning Objectives  Discuss the analytical skills, including systems thinking, needed for a systems analyst to be successful  Describe the technical skills required of a systems analyst  Discuss the management skills required of a systems analyst  Identify the interpersonal skills required of a systems analyst

3. Avicenna System Analysis and Design System Analysis3Introduction The system analyst is a key member of any systems development project. The system analyst is a key member of any systems development project. In a boarder sense, the systems analyst plays several roles: In a boarder sense, the systems analyst plays several roles: Archaeologist and scribe: As a systems analyst, one of the main jobs is to uncover detail and to document business policy, passed down from generation to generation of users. Archaeologist and scribe: As a systems analyst, one of the main jobs is to uncover detail and to document business policy, passed down from generation to generation of users. Innovator: The systems analyst must separate the symptoms of the user’s problem from the true causes. Innovator: The systems analyst must separate the symptoms of the user’s problem from the true causes.

4. Avicenna System Analysis and Design System Analysis4 Introduction Mediator: The systems analyst who often finds himself in the middle of users, managers, programmers, auditors, and various other players, all of whom frequently disagree with one another. Mediator: The systems analyst who often finds himself in the middle of users, managers, programmers, auditors, and various other players, all of whom frequently disagree with one another. Project leader: Because the systems analyst is usually more experienced than the others on the project, and since he is assigned to the project from the beganing, there is a natural tendency to assign project management responsibilities to the analyst. Project leader: Because the systems analyst is usually more experienced than the others on the project, and since he is assigned to the project from the beganing, there is a natural tendency to assign project management responsibilities to the analyst. To succeed as a systems analyst, you will develop four types of skills, Analytical Skills, Technical Skills, Management Skills, and Interpersonal Skills To succeed as a systems analyst, you will develop four types of skills, Analytical Skills, Technical Skills, Management Skills, and Interpersonal Skills

5. Avicenna System Analysis and Design System Analysis5 Succeeding as a Systems Analyst Analytical Skills for Systems Analysis Analytical Skills for Systems Analysis Analytical skills enable you to understand the organization and its functions, to identify opportunities and problems, and to analyze and solve problems. Analytical skills enable you to understand the organization and its functions, to identify opportunities and problems, and to analyze and solve problems. Four Sets of Analytical Skills Four Sets of Analytical Skills Systems Thinking Systems Thinking Organizational Knowledge Organizational Knowledge Problem Identification Problem Identification Problem Analyzing and Solving Problem Analyzing and Solving

6. Avicenna System Analysis and Design System Analysis6 Succeeding as a Systems Analyst Analytical Skills for Systems Analysis Analytical Skills for Systems Analysis Systems Thinking Systems Thinking One of the most important analytical skills you can develop is system thinking, or the ability to see organizations and information systems as systems. One of the most important analytical skills you can develop is system thinking, or the ability to see organizations and information systems as systems. System thinking provides a framework from which to see the important relationships among information systems, the organizations they exist in, and the environment in which the organizations themselves exist. System thinking provides a framework from which to see the important relationships among information systems, the organizations they exist in, and the environment in which the organizations themselves exist.

7. Avicenna System Analysis and Design System Analysis7 Succeeding as a Systems Analyst Analytical Skills for Systems Analysis Analytical Skills for Systems Analysis Systems Thinking Systems Thinking Important System Concepts Important System Concepts Decomposition Decomposition The process of breaking down a system into smaller components The process of breaking down a system into smaller components Allows the systems analyst to: Allows the systems analyst to: Break a system into small, manageable subsystems Break a system into small, manageable subsystems Focus on one area at a time Focus on one area at a time Concentrate on component pertinent to one group of users Concentrate on component pertinent to one group of users Build different components at independent times Build different components at independent times

8. Avicenna System Analysis and Design System Analysis8 Succeeding as a Systems Analyst Analytical Skills for Systems Analysis Analytical Skills for Systems Analysis Systems Thinking Systems Thinking Important System Concepts Important System Concepts Logical System Description Logical System Description describes the purpose and function of the system describes the purpose and function of the system Does not tie the description to a specific physical implementation Does not tie the description to a specific physical implementation Physical System Description Physical System Description Focuses on how the system will be physically constructed Focuses on how the system will be physically constructed

9. Avicenna System Analysis and Design System Analysis9 Succeeding as a Systems Analyst Analytical Skills for Systems Analysis Analytical Skills for Systems Analysis Organizational Knowledge Organizational Knowledge Understanding of how organizations work Understanding of how organizations work Knowledge of specific functions and procedures of organization and department Knowledge of specific functions and procedures of organization and department How work officially gets done How work officially gets done Internal policies Internal policies Competitive Environment Competitive Environment Organizational Strategies and Tactics Organizational Strategies and Tactics

10. Avicenna System Analysis and Design System Analysis10 Succeeding as a Systems Analyst  Analytical Skills for Systems Analysis  Problem Identification Problem: Difference between an existing situation and a desired situation Problem: Difference between an existing situation and a desired situation Identification is process of defining differences Identification is process of defining differences Differences are defined by comparing the current situation to the output of a model that predicts what the output should be Differences are defined by comparing the current situation to the output of a model that predicts what the output should be

11. Avicenna System Analysis and Design System Analysis11 Succeeding as a Systems Analyst  Analytical Skills for Systems Analysis  Problem Analyzing and Solving Four Phases Four Phases Intelligence Intelligence All relevant information is collected All relevant information is collected Design Design Alternatives are formulated Alternatives are formulated Choice Choice Best alternative solution is chosen Best alternative solution is chosen Implementation Implementation Solution is put into practice Solution is put into practice

12. Avicenna System Analysis and Design System Analysis12 Succeeding as a Systems Analyst Technical Skills for Systems Analysis Technical Skills for Systems Analysis Technical skills help you understand the potential and limitations of information technology. Technical skills help you understand the potential and limitations of information technology. As an analyst, you must be able to envision an information system that will help users solve problems and that will guide the system’s design and development. As an analyst, you must be able to envision an information system that will help users solve problems and that will guide the system’s design and development. You must also be able to work with programming languages, various operating systems, and computer hardware platforms. You must also be able to work with programming languages, various operating systems, and computer hardware platforms.

13. Avicenna System Analysis and Design System Analysis13 Succeeding as a Systems Analyst Technical Skills for Systems Analysis Technical Skills for Systems Analysis Understanding of a wide variety of technologies is required Understanding of a wide variety of technologies is required Microcomputers, workstations, minicomputers and mainframe computers Microcomputers, workstations, minicomputers and mainframe computers Programming languages Programming languages Operating systems Operating systems Database and file management systems Database and file management systems Data communication standards Data communication standards Systems development tools and environments Systems development tools and environments Web development languages and tools Web development languages and tools Decision support system generators Decision support system generators

14. Avicenna System Analysis and Design System Analysis14 Succeeding as a Systems Analyst Management Skills for Systems Analysis Management Skills for Systems Analysis Management skills help you manage projects, resources, risk, and change. Management skills help you manage projects, resources, risk, and change. Four categories Four categories Resource Management Resource Management Systems analyst needs to know how to get the most out of the resources of an organization, including team members Systems analyst needs to know how to get the most out of the resources of an organization, including team members Project Management Project Management Goals are prevent projects from coming in late and prevent projects from going over budget Goals are prevent projects from coming in late and prevent projects from going over budget Risk Management Risk Management Ability to anticipate what might go wrong in a project and minimize risk and/or minimize damage that might result Ability to anticipate what might go wrong in a project and minimize risk and/or minimize damage that might result Change Management Change Management Ability to assist people in making transition to new system and ability to deal with technical issues related to change Ability to assist people in making transition to new system and ability to deal with technical issues related to change

15. Avicenna System Analysis and Design System Analysis15 Succeeding as a Systems Analyst Interpersonal Skills for Systems Analysis Interpersonal Skills for Systems Analysis Interpersonal skills help you work with end users as well as with other analysts and programmers. As a system analysts, you will play a major role as a mediator among users, programmers, and other systems professionals. Interpersonal skills help you work with end users as well as with other analysts and programmers. As a system analysts, you will play a major role as a mediator among users, programmers, and other systems professionals. Effective written and oral communication, including competence in leading meetings, interviewing, and listening, is a key skill analysts must master Effective written and oral communication, including competence in leading meetings, interviewing, and listening, is a key skill analysts must master two types of skills: two types of skills: Communication skills Communication skills Working alone and with a team Working alone and with a team

16. Avicenna System Analysis and Design System Analysis16 Succeeding as a Systems Analyst Interpersonal Skills for Systems Analysis Interpersonal Skills for Systems Analysis Communication skills Communication skills Effective communication helps to establish and maintain good working relationships with clients and colleagues Effective communication helps to establish and maintain good working relationships with clients and colleagues Three types used by Systems Analyst Three types used by Systems Analyst Interviewing and Listening Interviewing and Listening Questionnaires Questionnaires Written and Oral Presentations Written and Oral Presentations

17. Avicenna System Analysis and Design System Analysis17 Succeeding as a Systems Analyst Interpersonal Skills for Systems Analysis Interpersonal Skills for Systems Analysis Working alone and with a team Working alone and with a team Working alone on aspects of project involves managing: Working alone on aspects of project involves managing: Time Time Commitments Commitments Deadlines Deadlines Team work involves establishing standards of cooperation and coordination Team work involves establishing standards of cooperation and coordination

18. Avicenna System Analysis and Design System Analysis18 Sequence Summary Skills of Successful Systems Analyst Skills of Successful Systems Analyst Analytical Analytical Systems Thinking Systems Thinking Technical Technical Change over time, programming languages, operating systems, database management systems, data communications, systems development techniques Change over time, programming languages, operating systems, database management systems, data communications, systems development techniques Management Management Resources, projects, risk, change Resources, projects, risk, change Interpersonal Interpersonal Interviews and Questionnaires, written and oral presentations, facilitating groups Interviews and Questionnaires, written and oral presentations, facilitating groups

19. Avicenna System Analysis and Design System Analysis19 Sequence Summary In this Sequence we have In this Sequence we have Defined structured analysis and design Defined structured analysis and design  Discussed the analytical skills, including systems thinking, organizational knowledge, and problem identification  Defined the term system decomposition  Distinguished between logical and physical system description  Defined the term problem  Explained the Problem Analyzing and Solving phases  Described the technical skills required of a systems analyst  Discussed the management skills required of a systems analyst  Identified the interpersonal skills required of a systems analyst

20. Avicenna System Analysis and Design System Analysis20 Reference [2] Modern Systems Analysis and Design Third Edition Authors: Jeffrey A. Hoffer, Joey F. George, Joseph S. Valacich Authors: Jeffrey A. Hoffer, Joey F. George, Joseph S. Valacich Publisher: prentice hall Publisher: prentice hall [2] introduction to systems analysis and sesign. Authors: Hawryszkiewyer Authors: Hawryszkiewyer Publisher: prentice hall 1990 Publisher: prentice hall 1990