1. Seismic workshop Presentation: Jacques Jenny PhD W_GeoSoft / Geo2 X Switzerland

2. Type of seismic waves Average P and S velocities - P waves velocity: 1000 to 5000 m/s - S wave velocity: 300 to 1000 m/s

3. Seismic waves propagation

4. Seismic method overview MethodEquipmentDepthUseProcessing Refraction12 -24 channels 1-50 mEngineering Landslide Easy to complex Reflection48 – 96 channels 50 – x00 mEngineering Oil water prospect. Difficult to very complex Surface waves 24 – 48 channels 10 – 50 mEngineeringComplex Downhole Crosshole Triaxial geophone 1-100 mEngineeringComplex

5. Refraction versus reflection

6. Processing result Refraction seismic Reflection seismic

7. Surface waves Downhole seismic

8. Equipment Recording equipment Seismic source Processing software

9. Recording equipment

10. Seismic source

11. SN388

12. Seismic source Buffalo gun Drop weight 300 kg

13. Processing software Refraction: WinSism,Plotrefa,Rayfract Reflection: Visual SUNT, Reflex Surface wave: WinMASW, SurfSEIS, SeisImager Downhole: WinDownHole