2. C H A P T E R 1 Signals and Amplifiers

3. Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Figure P1.14

4. Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Figure P1.10

5. Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Figure 1.1 Two alternative representations of a signal source: (a) the Thévenin form; (b) the Norton form.

6. Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Figure 1.2 Circuits for Example 1.1.

7. Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

8. Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

9. Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Figure 1.5 A symmetrical square-wave signal of amplitude V.

10. Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Figure 1.6 The frequency spectrum (also known as the line spectrum) of the periodic square wave of Fig. 1.5.

11. Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Figure 1.8 Sampling the continuous-time analog signal in (a) results in the discrete-time signal in (b).

12. Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Figure 1.9 Variation of a particular binary digital signal with time.

13. Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Figure 1.10 Block-diagram representation of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC).

14. Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Figure 1.11 (a) Circuit symbol for amplifier. (b) An amplifier with a common terminal (ground) between the input and output ports.

15. Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

16. Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Figure 1.13 An amplifier that requires two dc supplies (shown as batteries) for operation.

17. Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Figure 1.14 An amplifier transfer characteristic that is linear except for output saturation.

18. Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Figure 1.15 Symbol convention employed throughout the book.

19. Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Figure 1.16 (a) Circuit model for the voltage amplifier. (b) The voltage amplifier with input signal source and load.

20. Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Table 1.1 The Four Amplifier Types

21. Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Figure 1.20 Measuring the frequency response of a linear amplifier: At the test frequency ω, the amplifier gain is characterized by its magnitude (V o /V i ) and phase ø.

22. Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

23. Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Figure 1.22 Two examples of STC networks: (a) a low-pass network and (b) a high-pass network.

24. Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Figure 1.23 (a) Magnitude and (b) phase response of STC networks of the low-pass type.

25. Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Figure 1.24 (a) Magnitude and (b) phase response of STC networks of the high-pass type.

26. END C H A P T E R 1 Signals and Amplifiers