1. FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING RESEARCH Sixth Edition CHAPTER Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy Review of the Literature 6

2. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy Learning Objectives 1.Determine The Purposes For The Literature Review 2.Recognize The Need For Becoming Familiar With The Library's Services 3.Distinguish Between Primary And Secondary Sources In Research Literature 4.Recognize The Importance Of Grey Literature

3. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy Learning Objectives 5.Discuss Print Resources That May Be Used In Locating Literature References 6.Discuss Electronic Sources That May Be Used In Locating Literature References 7.Compare Electronic Sources That Are Useful For Nurses When Conducting A Literature Re-view 8.Obtain References From Online Journals

4. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy Learning Objectives 9.Conduct A Literature Search On A Given Topic 10.Extract Pertinent Information From Literature Sources 11.Critique The Literature Review Section Of Research Articles

5. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy Learning Objective One Learning Objective One Determine The Purposes For The Literature Review

6. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy The Literature Review Find out what is in print Help to refine study topic Narrow study topic

7. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy Recommendations for Research Research topics Replication ideas Another aspect of the problem

8. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy Frameworks of Research Find theoretical or conceptual frameworks See how frameworks are used Help guide study as research unfolds

9. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy Other Helpful Aspects Helps plan study methodology Locates study instruments Suggests ways to analyze data Capitalizes on past successes Prevents errors of other researchers

10. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy Learning Objective Two Learning Objective Two Recognize The Need For Becoming Familiar With The Library's Services

11. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy The Library and Its Staff Wealth of information Familiar with resources Help in search techniques Policies and interlibrary loans

12. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy Clinician-Librarian Collaboration Helps with evidence-based searches Find high level of evidence –Controlled trials –Systematic reviews Find practice guidelines

13. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy Learning Objective Three Learning Objective Three Distinguish Between Primary And Secondary Sources In Research Literature

14. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy Primary Sources Written by original investigator or researcher Journal articles Preferred source Start by reading abstract or summary Reference citations

15. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy Secondary Sources Not written by original study researcher Summaries Risk of misinterpretation or omission Use in conjunction with primary sources

16. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy Learning Objective Four Learning Objective Four Recognize The Importance Of Grey Literature

17. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy Grey (Also Called Gray) Literature Not commercially published Not indexed or available in major databases Examples –Conference proceedings –Dissertations –Theses –Technical reports –Unpublished research reports

18. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy Publication Bias No significant findings Should not be omitted

19. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy Learning Objective Five Learning Objective Five Discuss Print Resources That May Be Used In Locating Literature References

20. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy Types of Print Sources Indexes –Reference materials on periodicals and books –Assistance in obtaining publications Abstracts –Brief summaries of articles –Purpose, methods, and major findings –Helpful to see if entire study needs to be read

21. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy Indexes CINAHL –Nursing journals from 1961 to 1977 –Nursing and allied health literature 1977 to present –Available online Index Medicus –Nursing and allied health from 1870 –2004: print version discontinued –Available online: MEDLINE

22. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy Abstracts Nursing Research Abstracts –1960 to 1978 –Bimonthly issues of Nursing Research –November/December issue: author/subject guide for year’s published abstracts

23. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy Abstracts Psychological Abstracts –First published in 1927 –1,300 professional journals –Psychology and related fields –CD-ROM version updated quarterly Dissertation Abstracts International –Doctoral dissertations –Published since 1938 –Abstracts written by dissertation authors

24. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy Abstracts Master Abstracts International (MAI) –Author written –Submitted voluntarily –Small percentage in print

25. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy Learning Objective Six Learning Objective Six Discuss Electronic Sources That May Be Used In Locating Literature References

26. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy Electronic Communication Changes how information is retrieved, disseminated Affects the communication process

27. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy Electronic Sources Online catalogs –Online library card catalog –Title, author, subject heading, keyword searches –OCLC Interlibrary Loan service –e-books

28. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy Electronic Sources Online databases –Access from home –Search engines –Megasearch engines –Well-developed search strategy –Time consuming, unpredictable –Advantages over print databases

29. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy Learning Objective Seven Learning Objective Seven Compare Electronic Sources That Are Useful For Nurses When Conducting A Literature Review

30. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy Online Sources for Nursing CINAHL Online Databases –Variety of resource types –Internet platforms

31. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy The CINAHL Database > 2,890 journals 1981 to present > 2 million records 70 full-text journals Other resources

32. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy CINAHL Plus All features of basic database > 4,300 journals 1937 to present Nearly 80 full-text journals Other resources

33. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy CINAHL With Full Text > 2,980 journals 1981 to present > 600 full-text journals

34. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy CINAHL Plus With Full Text Newest database for nursing > 4,300 journals 1937 to present > 760 full-text journals

35. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy Registry of Nursing Research http://nursinglibrary.org/ Sigma Theta Tau International

36. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy MEDLINE http://www.pubmed.gov Life sciences, biomedicine > 5,400 journals Worldwide coverage National Library of Medicine

37. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy MEDLINE With Full Text Most comprehensive source for full-text medical journals >1,450 full-text journals Coverage: 1949 to present Full-text material: 1965 to present

38. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy MEDLINEPlus www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ Consumer health information 800 topics Easy to read

39. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews www.cochrane.org/reviews/ International network of authors and institutions Archie Cochrane founded in 1993 Stresses evidence-based practice Meta-analysis source

40. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy ERIC http://eric.ed.gov/ Education information Bibliographic and full text

41. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy Psycinfo Psychology, related disciplines > 2.8 million records Records from 1800s to present Purchase 24-hour searching –http://apa.org/pubs/databases/access/direct.a spxhttp://apa.org/pubs/databases/access/direct.a spx

42. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy Dissertation Abstracts Online ProQuest Information and Learning Degree-granting institutions since 1861 Selected master’s theses, doctoral dissertations

43. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy Other Online Databases ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source AIDSinfo (http://aidsinfo.nih.gov/)http://aidsinfo.nih.gov/ Haz-Map (http://hazmap.nlm.nih.gov/)http://hazmap.nlm.nih.gov/ ClinicalTrials (http://clinicaltrials.gov)http://clinicaltrials.gov TOXNET (http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/)http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/

44. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy Learning Objective Eight Learning Objective Eight Obtain References From Online Journals

45. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy Online Journals E-journals, e-zines Immediate knowledge dissemination Not all free More print journals making articles available online

46. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy Learning Objective Nine Learning Objective Nine Conduct A Literature Search On A Given Topic

47. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy Strategic Hints for Success Read sources first Record bibliographic information Use reference citations—APA Record references accurately Remember dates and pages

48. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy Source Dates Current dates Older than 5 years Questions to ask

49. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy Paraphrases and Quotes Search for paraphrases Critically appraise the information Review concisely and to the point

50. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy Learning Objective Ten Learning Objective Ten Extract Pertinent Information From Literature Sources

51. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy Tips for Extraction Use a variety of resources Do not copy all articles Review articles critically Take notes for retrieval later Use reference format at the beginning

52. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy Format Suggestion Acquire all pertinent information Write in reference format from beginning Add notes to retrieval format

53. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy Format Suggestion Do not omit important information –Problem –Hypotheses –Methodology –Sample type –Findings –Conclusions

54. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy Learning Objective Eleven Learning Objective Eleven Critique The Literature Review Section Of Research Articles

55. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy Guidelines for Critiquing Is the literature review comprehensive? Is the literature review concise? Does the review flow logically from the purpose? Are all sources relevant to the study topic? Are sources critically appraised? Are both classic and current sources included?

56. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Foundations of Nursing Research, Sixth Edition Rose Marie Nieswiadomy Guidelines for Critiquing (cont’d) Are paraphrases or direct quotes used most often? Are both supporting and opposing theory and research presented? Can a determination be made if sources are primary or secondary? Are all sources that are cited in the article on the reference list?