1. Taxonomy Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Cephalochordata- amphioxus or lancelet
Subphylum Urochordata- tunicates or sea squirts
Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Agnatha- jawless and cartilaginous, hagfish and lamprey
Class Chondrichthyes- cartilaginous, sharks and rays
Class Osteichthyes- bony fish
Class Amphibia- cecilians, salamanders, frogs, toads
Class Reptilia- snakes, lizards, turtles, tortoises, alligators, crocodiles, tuataras
Class Aves- birds
Class Mammalia- dogs, cats, lions, horses, cows, bears, giraffes, elephants, monkeys, kangaroos, humans, platypus, mice, beavers, seals, sea lions, walruses, whales, dolphins, porpoises, manatees, dugongs, anteaters, armadillos, sloths, bats, shrews, moles, hedgehogs…
Fish
Cold Blooded (Ectotherm)
Warm Blooded (Endotherm)

2. Class Agnatha

3. Class Agnatha No scales Eel-like shape Unpaired fins
Cartilaginous skeleton
Jawless
Sucking mouth
Paddlefish Parasite

4. Lamprey Up to 24in. (60cm) Anterior and posterior dorsal fin
Tail fin or caudal fin
Two eyes
Gill slits
Circular, funnel shaped mouth lined with rings of teeth
Attaches by suction, bores a hole, sucks blood and body fluids

5. Lamprey Life Cycle
Female digs a shallow depression in stream bed and deposits eggs (25,000 to 100,000)
Males fertilize the eggs- external fertilization
In about 2 weeks the eggs hatch
Tiny wormlike larva burrow into muddy bottom
Feeds on organic debris and develop for 3-7 years
Ecological Impact

6. Hagfish Bottom dweller Mainly eats dead animals
Small teeth for tearing and muscular sucking mouth
Eye spots
Slime glands secrete slime as a defense mechanism
Hagfish Defense

7. Class Chondrichthyes Cartilaginous skeleton
Cartilage surrounded by tough protein to increase the strength of the skeleton
Jaws
Paired fins

9. Sharks
Same basic fins as the fish in Osteichthyes, however, the dorsal part of the caudal fin is always larger than the ventral part
Skin appears smooth but actually rough

10. Shark Mouth Mouth has razor-sharp triangular teeth that point inward
Teeth not anchored into bone, but into the skin
If one is lost, another moves forward to replace it (20,000 in lifetime)
Carnivorous

11. Digestion
Like Osteichthyes, the stomach is for storage and digestion occurs in the intestine
All are carnivorous

12. Respiration
Most sharks have 5 gill slits per side. Few species have 6 or 7

13. Sharks lack a swim bladder
A large liver filled with oils less dense than water helps them float
Lift provided by the forward motion

14. Reproduction Internal fertilization
Claspers- specially shaped portion of the male’s pelvic fin that helps transfer sperm to females for fertilization
Most oviparous, some viviparous (very rare outside class mammalia), and ovoviviparous

15. Rays and Skates
Flat and thin rather than torpedo-shaped like the sharks
Pectoral fins form flat “wings”
Swimming motion is like a bird
Ventral mouth used to eat mollusks, small crustaceans, and to suck up invertebrates
Stingray- type of ray with sharp, venom filled spine along its tail
Most rays and skates are less than 3.3ft. (1 m)
Manta ray “devilfish” sometimes more than 20ft. (6m)

16. River Monsters - Alien Fish
Pelican and rays
Giant Manta