2. The Thrust Generator P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department Another Passive Device…… An Obvious Concept for Generation of Motive Power ….

3. Frictional Flow with Variable Area

4. Effect of Shape of duct on Flow Pure shape effects:

5. Subsonic Nozzle dA < 0 & M <1 So, du > 0 & dp <0

6. Supersonic Nozzle dA > 0 & M >1 So, du >0 & dp<0

7. Generation of Supersonic Velocity from Rest

8. The Rocket

9. RAMJET Engine

10. Nozzle at Design Exit Pressure p1p1 p 2d p throat p p1p1 p*p* p 2d

11. At M=1 Minimum Area = A * : Also called throat Throat of an Isentropic Nozzle

13. The Isentropic Design of A Nozzle p in pbpb Design Variables : Outlet Condition: p b = Back Pressure p in

14. Isentropic Nozzle under Designed Conditions

15. The Design Conditions of an Isentropic Nozzle Under design conditions the gas pressure at the exit plane of the nozzle is applied back pressure.

17. Profile of an Isentropic Nozzle At design Conditions :

19. Full Capacity Convergent Nozzle

20. Remarks on Isentropic Converging Nozzle Design Length of the nozzle is immaterial for an isentropic nozzle. Strength requirements of nozzle material may decide the nozzle length. Either Mach number variation or Area variation or Pressure variation is specified as a function or arbitrary length unit. A converging Nozzle Design attains maximum capacity when the exit Mach number is unity.

21. Full Capacity Converging Nozzle p in p b, critical Can this be A basis for selection of altitude of flying?????