1. 4 Lecture Electronic Business and Electronic Commerce

2. OBJECTIVES Analyze how Internet technology has changed value propositions and business models Define electronic commerce and describe how it has changed consumer retailing and business-to- business transactions Management Information Systems Lecture 4 Electronic Business and Electronic Commerce

3. Compare the principal payment systems for electronic commerce Evaluate the role of Internet technology in facilitating management and coordination of internal and interorganizational business processes Assess the challenges posed by electronic business and electronic commerce and management solutions OBJECTIVES (Continued) Management Information Systems Lecture 4 Electronic Business and Electronic Commerce

4. ELECTRONIC BUSINESS, ELECTRONIC COMMERCE, AND THE EMERGING DIGITAL FIRM Internet Technology and the Digital Firm Information technology infrastructure: The Internet provides a universal and easy-to-use set of technologies and technology standards that can be adopted by all organizations. Direct communication between trading partners: Disintermediation removes intermediate layers and streamlines processes. Management Information Systems Lecture 4 Electronic Business and Electronic Commerce

5. ELECTRONIC BUSINESS, ELECTRONIC COMMERCE, AND THE EMERGING DIGITAL FIRM Round the clock service: Web sites available to consumers 24 hours Extended distribution channels: Outlets created for attracting customers who otherwise would not patronize a firm Reduced transaction costs: Costs of searching for buyers declines Management Information Systems Lecture 4 Electronic Business and Electronic Commerce Internet Technology and the Digital Firm (Continued)

6. ELECTRONIC BUSINESS, ELECTRONIC COMMERCE, AND THE EMERGING DIGITAL FIRM Business Model: Defines an enterprise Describes how the enterprise delivers a product or service Shows how the enterprise creates wealth New Business Models and Value Propositions Management Information Systems Lecture 4 Electronic Business and Electronic Commerce

7. ELECTRONIC BUSINESS, ELECTRONIC COMMERCE, AND THE EMERGING DIGITAL FIRM Information asymmetry: One party in a transaction has more information than the other. The Internet decreases information asymmetry. Increases richness: The Internet increases the depth, detail, and scope of information. Increases reach: The Internet increases the number of people who can be contacted efficiently. The Changing Economies of Information Management Information Systems Lecture 4 Electronic Business and Electronic Commerce

8. ELECTRONIC BUSINESS, ELECTRONIC COMMERCE, AND THE EMERGING DIGITAL FIRM The Changing Economics of Information Figure 4-1 Management Information Systems Lecture 4 Electronic Business and Electronic Commerce

9. ELECTRONIC BUSINESS, ELECTRONIC COMMERCE, AND THE EMERGING DIGITAL FIRM Virtual storefront: Sells goods or services online (Amazon.com) Information broker: Provides information on products or services (Edmunds.com) Transaction broker: Provides online transaction facility (eTrade.com, Expedia.com) Online marketplace: Provides a trading platform for individuals and firms (eBay.com) Internet Business Models Management Information Systems Lecture 4 Electronic Business and Electronic Commerce

10. ELECTRONIC BUSINESS, ELECTRONIC COMMERCE, AND THE EMERGING DIGITAL FIRM Content provider: Creates revenue by providing content (WSJ.com, TheStreet.com) Online service provider: Provides online services, including search service. (Google.com, Xdrive.com) Virtual community: Provides an online community to focused groups (Friendster.com, iVillage.com) Portal: Provides initial point of entry to Web, specialized content, services (Yahoo.com, MSN.com) Management Information Systems Lecture 4 Electronic Business and Electronic Commerce Internet Business Models (Continued)

11. ELECTRONIC COMMERCE Categories of Electronic Commerce Business-to-customer (B2C): Retailing of products and services directly to individual customers (Wal-Mart.com) Business-to-business (B2B): Sales of goods and services to other businesses (Grainger.com, Ariba.com) Consumer-to-consumer (C2C): Individuals using the Web for private sales or exchange (eBay.com ) Management Information Systems Lecture 4 Electronic Business and Electronic Commerce

12. Business-To-Consumer Advantages of E-commerce: Customer-centered retailing: Closer and more personalized relationship with customers is possible Web sites: Provide a corporate-centered portal for the consumer to quickly find information on products, services, prices, orders ELECTRONIC COMMERCE Management Information Systems Lecture 4 Electronic Business and Electronic Commerce

13. Disintermediation: The elimination of organizations or business process layers responsible for certain intermediary steps in a value chain, reducing costs to the consumer Reintermediation: The shifting of the intermediary role in a value chain to a new source, adding additional value to the consumer ELECTRONIC COMMERCE Management Information Systems Lecture 4 Electronic Business and Electronic Commerce Business-To-Consumer Advantages of E-Commerce: (Continued)

14. The Benefits of Disintermediation to the Consumer Figure 4-2 ELECTRONIC COMMERCE Management Information Systems Lecture 4 Electronic Business and Electronic Commerce

15. Clickstream tracking tools: Collect data on customer activities at Web sites and store them in a log ELECTRONIC COMMERCE Interactive Marketing and Personalization Management Information Systems Lecture 4 Electronic Business and Electronic Commerce

16. Web Site Visitor Tracking Figure 4-3 ELECTRONIC COMMERCE Management Information Systems Lecture 4 Electronic Business and Electronic Commerce

17. Create unique personalized Web pages for each customer Increased closeness to customer increases value to the customer, while reducing costs of interacting with the customer ELECTRONIC COMMERCE Web Personalization Management Information Systems Lecture 4 Electronic Business and Electronic Commerce

18. Web Site Personalization Figure 4-4 ELECTRONIC COMMERCE Management Information Systems Lecture 4 Electronic Business and Electronic Commerce

19. Compares information gathered about a specific user’s behavior at a Web site to data about other customers with similar interests to predict what the user would like to see next. The software then makes recommendations to users based on their assumed interests. ELECTRONIC COMMERCE Collaborative filtering: Management Information Systems Lecture 4 Electronic Business and Electronic Commerce

20. The use of Web sites to provide customers with access to information and answers to questions Replacing human call center operators and clerks UPS.com: Customer tracking of packages Orbitz.com: Customer self-help for organizing and managing a trip Dell.com: “My Order Status” facility ELECTRONIC COMMERCE Customer self-service: Management Information Systems Lecture 4 Electronic Business and Electronic Commerce

21. Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): Enables the computer-to-computer exchange between two organizations of standard transactions. Currently 80% of B2B e-commerce uses this system. EDI is being replaced by more powerful Web- based alternatives. Business-to-Business Electronic Commerce: New Efficiencies and Relationships ELECTRONIC COMMERCE Management Information Systems Lecture 4 Electronic Business and Electronic Commerce

22. ELECTRONIC COMMERCE Distributors: B2B online catalogs provide buyers with access to thousands of parts and other goods (Grainger.com) Procurement platforms: Platforms for purchasing goods and materials and also sourcing, negotiating with suppliers, paying for goods, and making delivery arrangements (Ariba.com) Four different types of Net Marketplaces: Net Marketplaces Management Information Systems Lecture 4 Electronic Business and Electronic Commerce

23. ELECTRONIC COMMERCE Independent exchanges: Third-party Net marketplace that is primarily transaction-oriented and that connects many buyers and suppliers for spot purchasing (Freemarkets.com, GEPolymerland.com) Industry consortia: Industry-owned Net marketplaces used primarily for long-term sourcing of direct inputs to production (ChemConnect.com) Management Information Systems Lecture 4 Electronic Business and Electronic Commerce Net Marketplaces Four different types of Net Marketplaces: (Continued)

24. ELECTRONIC COMMERCE Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) Figure 4-5 Management Information Systems Lecture 4 Electronic Business and Electronic Commerce

25. ELECTRONIC COMMERCE Private Industrial Networks The largest Web-based form of B2B commerce Private B2B extranets that focus on continuous business process coordination between a small group of companies for collaboration and supply chain management. Wal-Mart uses its own private network to coordinate more than 15,000 suppliers to its stores. Management Information Systems Lecture 4 Electronic Business and Electronic Commerce

26. ELECTRONIC COMMERCE A Private Industrial Network Figure 4-6 Management Information Systems Lecture 4 Electronic Business and Electronic Commerce

27. ELECTRONIC COMMERCE A Net Marketplace Figure 4-7 Management Information Systems Lecture 4 Electronic Business and Electronic Commerce

28. ELECTRONIC COMMERCE Electronic Commerce Payment Systems Management Information Systems Lecture 4 Electronic Business and Electronic Commerce

29. ELECTRONIC BUSINESS AND THE DIGITAL FIRM Benefits Functional applications Good examples: CARE and Mitre Corporation How Intranets Support Electronic Business Management Information Systems Lecture 4 Electronic Business and Electronic Commerce

30. ELECTRONIC BUSINESS AND THE DIGITAL FIRM Connectivity: Accessible from most computing platforms Can be tied to internal corporate systems and core transaction databases Platforms for interactive applications Scalable to larger or smaller computing platforms Benefits of Intranets Management Information Systems Lecture 4 Electronic Business and Electronic Commerce

31. ELECTRONIC BUSINESS AND THE DIGITAL FIRM Easy to use, universal standard Web interface Low start-up costs Richer, more responsive information environment than corporate manuals Reduced information distribution costs Management Information Systems Lecture 4 Electronic Business and Electronic Commerce Benefits of Intranets (Continued)

32. ELECTRONIC BUSINESS AND THE DIGITAL FIRM Finance and accounting Human resources Sales and marketing Manufacturing and production Functional Applications of Intranets Management Information Systems Lecture 4 Electronic Business and Electronic Commerce

33. ELECTRONIC BUSINESS AND THE DIGITAL FIRM Functional Applications of Intranets Figure 4-8 Management Information Systems Lecture 4 Electronic Business and Electronic Commerce

34. ELECTRONIC BUSINESS AND THE DIGITAL FIRM General ledger reporting Project costing Annual reports Budgeting Finance & Accounting Management Information Systems Lecture 4 Electronic Business and Electronic Commerce

35. ELECTRONIC BUSINESS AND THE DIGITAL FIRM Company: Online publishing of corporate policy Job postings and internal job transfers Company telephone directories, training Human Resources Management Information Systems Lecture 4 Electronic Business and Electronic Commerce

36. ELECTRONIC BUSINESS AND THE DIGITAL FIRM Healthcare Employee savings Competency tests Management Information Systems Lecture 4 Electronic Business and Electronic Commerce Employees: Human Resources (Continued)

37. ELECTRONIC BUSINESS AND THE DIGITAL FIRM Competitor analysis Price updates Promotional campaigns Sales presentations Sales contracts Management Information Systems Lecture 4 Electronic Business and Electronic Commerce Sales and Marketing

38. ELECTRONIC BUSINESS AND THE DIGITAL FIRM Quality measurements Maintenance schedules Design specifications Machine outputs Order tracking Management Information Systems Lecture 4 Electronic Business and Electronic Commerce Manufacturing and Production

39. The Internet and collaborative commerce: Collaborative commerce: When firms use the Internet to cooperate closely in the development, production, and distribution of products and services GE Plastics maintains an Intranet where its customers (selected fabricators) can find information on product design and new developments. Business Process Integration ELECTRONIC BUSINESS AND THE DIGITAL FIRM Management Information Systems Lecture 4 Electronic Business and Electronic Commerce

40. ELECTRONIC BUSINESS AND THE DIGITAL FIRM Collaborative Commerce Figure 4-9 Management Information Systems Lecture 4 Electronic Business and Electronic Commerce

41. MANGEMENT OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND SOLUTIONS The Internet provides firms with extraordinary opportunities to develop new products and services, new distribution channels, new avenues for marketing and sales, and even entirely new business models. Management Information Systems Lecture 4 Electronic Business and Electronic Commerce Management Opportunities:

42. Finding a successful Internet business model Organizational change challenges Trust, Security, and Privacy Management Information Systems Lecture 4 Electronic Business and Electronic Commerce MANGEMENT OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND SOLUTIONS Management Challenges:

43. Determining how Internet technology can provide value for the business Managing business process changes Safeguarding security and privacy Solution Guidelines: Management Information Systems Lecture 4 Electronic Business and Electronic Commerce MANGEMENT OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND SOLUTIONS