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History of Arizona’s Basin and Range and Related Landforms
GCU 221
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Game Plan: Cenozoic history of the Basin and Range
- Time step 1 – Compression (Thrust Faults) - Time step 2 – Extension (Fault Block / Metamorphic Core Complexes) - Time step 3 – Basin filling (Playas) - Time step 4 – Drainage integration
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Cenozoic History of the Basin Range
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Cenozoic History of the Basin Range
Time Step to 20 million years ago Arizona COMPRESSED from North America overriding the Pacific Plate
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Cenozoic History of the Basin Range
Time Step to 20 million years ago How compression works…
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Cenozoic History of the Basin Range
Time Step to 20 million years ago “Keystone Thrust Fault”
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Cenozoic History of the Basin Range
Time Step to 20 million years ago “Arizona Thrust Faults”
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Cenozoic History of the Basin Range
Time Step to 10 million years ago Arizona EXTENDED because North America overrode a “spreading center”
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Cenozoic History of the Basin Range
Time Step to 10 million years ago “San Andreas Fault”
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Cenozoic History of the Basin Range
Time Step to 10 million years ago “Compression to extension” Two major features: Fault Block Mountains Metamorphic Core Complexes
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Cenozoic History of the Basin Range
Time Step to 10 million years ago Fault Block Mountains
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Cenozoic History of the Basin Range
Time Step to 10 million years ago “Little More Complicated”
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Cenozoic History of the Basin Range
Time Step to 10 million years ago Arizona Fault Block Mountains
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Cenozoic History of the Basin Range
Time Step to 10 million years ago “Sierra Estrella Mountains”
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Cenozoic History of the Basin Range
Time Step to 10 million years ago “Camelback Mountain” – Red Tertiary deposits and very old granite, typical Fault Block
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Cenozoic History of the Basin Range
Time Step to 10 million years ago Death Valley Normal Fault
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Cenozoic History of the Basin Range
Time Step to 10 million years ago Metamorphic Core Complexes
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Cenozoic History of the Basin Range
Time Step to 10 million years ago South Mountain
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Cenozoic History of the Basin Range
Time Step to 10 million years ago Tempe Butte – A fault block that rotated away from South Mountain
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Cenozoic History of the Basin Range
Time Step to 10 million years ago Catalina Mountains
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Cenozoic History of the Basin Range
Time Step to 10 million years ago Catalina Mountains
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Cenozoic History of the Basin Range
Time Step to 10 million years ago Can you find a fault block mountain and a metamorphic core complex? How can you tell?
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Cenozoic History of the Basin Range
Time Step to 10 million years ago Harcuvar Mountains. Bonus, Bear Claw Mountains or a detachment fault.
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Cenozoic History of the Basin Range
Time Step 3 – 10 to ~5 million years ago Extension shuts down, Arizona dominated by interior drainage
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Cenozoic History of the Basin Range
Time Step 3 – 10 to ~5 million years ago Interior drainage in arid locations forms playas or dry lakes Arizona kinda looked like numerous Death Valleys
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Cenozoic History of the Basin Range
Time Step 3 – 10 to ~5 million years ago Death Valley… again
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Cenozoic History of the Basin Range
Time Step 3 – 10 to ~5 million years ago Arizona’s old Death Valleys
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Cenozoic History of the Basin Range
Time Step 3 – 10 to ~5 million years ago Wilcox Playa
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Cenozoic History of the Basin Range
Time Step 4 – ~5 to the present Arizona’s drainages become mostly integrated
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Development and integration of the Salt, Verde, and Gila Rivers
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If you have questions, ask Dr. Douglass
Things to know: Basin and Range History - Time step 1 – Compression (Thrust Faults) - Time step 2 – Extension (Fault Block / Metamorphic Core Complexes) - Time step 3 – Basin filling (Playas) - Time step 4 – Drainage integration (basin spillover) If you have questions, ask Dr. Douglass
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