1. PERIODIZATION, THEMES, AND ANALYSIS
A.P. WORLD HISTORY:
PERIODIZATION, THEMES, AND ANALYSIS

2. A.P. WORLD HISTORY:
PERIODIZATION

3. WHAT IS PERIODIZATION? Each period is defined by three conditions
A geographical component
When civilization contracts, shrinks
When civilization spreads from smaller to wider area
Increase, decrease in contacts across regions
Emergence of parallel developments across globe
Dates not best way to define a period
Period may occur
At different time
In different regions

4. PERIOD 1 ANCIENT PERIOD To 600 BCE Neolithic Period
Growth of agriculture
Generally small city-states, states
Neolithic Period
Ancient River Valley Civilizations
Rise of trade
Ends with rise of large, regional empires

5. PERIOD 2 CLASSICAL PERIOD
600 BCE to 600 CE
Large, regional empires
Military aristocracies
Integrate regions
Permanent traditions and religions
Regional civilizations
China, India, SW Asia, Mediterranean
Mesoamerica and Andean America
Strong contacts between regional centers
Many areas outside classical civilizations
Ends with massive nomadic invasions

6. PERIOD 3 POST-CLASSICAL PERIOD
600 CE to 1450 CE
Began with rise of Islam
First trans-regional civilization
Spans Eurasia and Africa
Era of two great powers: Islam, China
Spread of universalizing religions, philosophies
Saw rise of new civilization centers
Emergence of network of global contacts
Ended due to Mongols, Black Death

7. PERIOD 4 EARLY MODERN PERIOD
Rise of gunpowder empires
Rise of Western Europe
World shrinks
All continents included in world network
Global trade develops for first time
Great exchanges
Goods, products, flora, fauna, people, germs
Ideas especially European, Christianity

8. PERIOD 5 MODERN PERIOD 1750 to 1900: “The West and the Rest”
Era of massive technological change
Era of many revolutions
Technological
Political
Social, Intellectual
Vast trade networks
Western global hegemony
Great Britain, France, Germany, Russia
USA, Japan are newest powers
Dominance of Western culture

9. PERIOD 6 CONTEMPORARY PERIOD
1900 to Present “Change, Change, Change”
The American century and retreat of Europe
Rise of Pacific Rim, India
Collapse of European empires
Modernization vs. westernization
Modernization vs. traditionalism
Rise of new political forms
Mass culture
Technology, telecommunications dominate age

10. A.P. WORLD HISTORY:
THEMES

11. Interaction between humans and the environment

12. Interaction between humans and the environment
Demography and disease
Migration
Patterns of settlement
Technology

13. Development and interaction of cultures

14. Development and interaction of cultures
Religions
Belief systems, philosophies and ideologies
Science and technology
The arts and architecture

15. State-building, expansion, and conflict

16. State-building, expansion, and conflict
Political structures and forms of governance
Empires
Nations and nationalism
Revolts and revolution
Regional, transregional, and global structures and organizations

17. Creation, expansion, and interaction of economic systems

18. Creation, expansion, and interaction of economic systems
Agricultural and pastoral production
Trade and commerce
Labor systems
Industrialization
Capitalism and socialism

19. Development and transformation of social structures

20. Development and transformation of social structures
Gender roles and relations
Family and kinship
Racial and ethnic constructions
Social and economic classes

21. A.P. WORLD HISTORY:
ANALYSIS

22. COMPARISON

23. CHANGE & CONTINUITY

24. PERIODIZATION, THEMES, AND ANALYSIS
A.P. WORLD HISTORY:
PERIODIZATION, THEMES, AND ANALYSIS