1. ANALYSIS OF COLLECTION SYSTEMS -Must be optimized to save collection time and costs. -Important to determine vehicle and labor requirements -Activities involved 4 units: pick-up, haul, at-site and off-route.

2. Collection Routes Once equipment and labor requirements have been determined, collection routes must be laid out so that both the collectors and equipment are used effectively. There is no universal set of rules that can be applied to all situations. Collection vehicle routing remains today a common sense process

3. Some heuristic guidelines that should be taken into consideration 1.Existing policies and regulations related to such items as the point of collection and frequency of collection must be identified. 2.Existing system characteristics such as crew size and vehicle types must be coordinated. 3.Wherever possible, routes should be laid out so that they begin and end near arterial streets. 4.In hilly area, routes should start at the top of the grade.

4. 5.Routes should be laid out so that the last container to be collected on the route is located nearest to the disposal site. 6.Waste generated at traffic-congested locations should be collected as early in the day as possible. 7.Source at which extremely large quantities of wastes are generated should be serviced during the first part of the day. 8.Scattered pickup points that receive the same collection frequency should, if possible, be serviced during one trip or on the same day.

5. LAY-OUT OF COLLECTION ROUTES: 4-Step Process 1.Prepare location maps: -Pick-up point locations -Number of containers -Collection frequency -Estimated quantities (in the case of SCS with self- loading compactors).

6. Hauled container system 2.Data summaries: Collection frequency Number of pickup locations Total number of containers Wastes that will be collected in special days 3.Lay preliminary collection routes (from different stations). Route should connect all pick-up locations, starting from the dispatch station and last location be nearest to disposal site. 4.Develop balanced route –Determine haul distance for each route (if the routes are unbalanced with respect to the distance traveled (> 15 percent), they should be redesigned). –Determine labor requirements per day, check against available work times per day - draw master map.

7. Stationary container system (Mechanically loaded collection vehicles) 2.Data summaries: Collection frequency Number of pickup locations Total waste, yd 3 /week Wastes that will be collected in special days 3.Lay preliminary collection routes (from different stations). Route should connect all pick-up points, starting from the dispatch station and last location be nearest to disposal site. 4.Develop balanced route –Determine haul distance for each route (if the routes are unbalanced with respect to the distance traveled (> 15 percent), they should be redesigned). –Determine labor requirements per day, check against available work times per day - draw master map.

8. Stationary container system (Manually loaded collection vehicles) 2.Data summaries: Total quantity of wastes to be collected The average number of residences from which wastes are to be collected during each collection trip. 3.Lay preliminary collection routes (from different stations). Route should connect all pickup locations, starting from the dispatch station and last location be nearest to disposal site. 4.Develop balanced route –Determine haul distance for each route (if the routes are unbalanced with respect to the distance traveled (> 15 percent), they should be redesigned). –Determine labor requirements per day, check against available work times per day - draw master map.