1. Theories of Personality Jung http://www.ship.edu/~cgboeree/jun g.html

2. 2 Outline Overview of Analytical Psychology Biography of Jung Levels of the Psyche Dynamics of Personality Psychological Types Development of Personality Jung’s Method of Investigation Related Research Critique of Jung Concept of Humanity

3. 3 Biography of Jung

4. 4 Overview of Analytical Psychology People are extremely complex Opposing qualities Occult Phenomena Influence Lives Inherit Experiences from Ancestors Aim at Achieving Balance between Opposing Forces

5. 5 Levels of Psyche Conscious Unconscious Personal Collective

6. 6 Archetypes Archetypes include: –Persona –Anima –Animu

7. 7 Shadow

8. 8 Great Mother www.roxyn.typad.com

9. 9 Wise Old Man www.wikopedia.com

10. 10 Hero

11. 11 Self Your picture here!

12. 12 Dynamics of Personality

13. 13 Causality and Teleology Past experiences Future expectations/goals

14. 14 Progression and Regression –Progression Forward flow of psychic energy –Regression Backward flow of psychic energy

15. 15 Psychological Types Attitudes IntroversionExtraversion

16. 16 Psychological Types (cont’d) Functions ThinkingFeelingSensationIntuition Rational Irrational

17. 17 Jungian Types Introversion – Thinking Extraversion – Feeling Introversion – Sensation Extraversion – Intuition

18. 18 www.wikopedia.com Jung and Madonna

19. 19 Development of Personality Stages of Development 1) Childhood (birth to adol) Anarchic Monarchic Dualistic 2) Youth 3) Middle Life 4) Old Age

20. 20 Self-Realization Individuation assimilation of unconsciousness –Process of integrating opposites –Must allow unconscious to dominate –Rarely achieved

21. 21 Jung’s Method of Investigation

22. 22 Critique of Jung

23. 23 Concept of Humanity Deterministic or Pessimistic Causal or Teleological Conscious or Unconscious Biology or Social Similarity or Individual Differences

24. Theories of Personality Horney

25. 25 Biography of Horney

26. 26 Outline Overview of Psychoanalytic Social Theory Introduction to Psychoanalytic Social Theory Basic Hostility and Basic Anxiety Compulsive Drives Intrapsychic Conflicts Feminine Psychology Critique of Horney’s theory Concept of Humanity

27. 27 Why would college women with an alcoholic parent offer more help to an exploitative person than to a nurturing person?

28. 28 Overview of Psychoanalytic Social Theory Social and Cultural Conditions Largely Responsible for Shaping Personality When Needs Are Not Met in Childhood, Basic Hostility and Anxiety Arise

29. 29 Psychoanalytic Social Theory Horney criticizes Freud

30. 30 Horney’s theories stressed –The Impact of Culture –The Importance of Childhood Experiences

31. 31 Basic Hostility and Basic Anxiety Basic hostility Basic anxiety Protective factors –Affection –Submissiveness –Power or prestige –Withdrawal

32. 32 Compulsive Drives All use strategies to protect self Neurotic Needs

33. 33 Neurotic need for: 1.Affection and approval 2.Powerful partner 3.Restrict life in narrow borders 4.Need for power 5.Exploit others

34. 34 Neurotic need for (continued): 6.Social recognition/prestige 7. Personal admiration 8.Ambition and personal achievement 9.Self-sufficiency and independence 10.Perfection

35. 35 Horney and Stewie Neurotic need for ……..

36. 36 Neurotic Trends –Moving toward people –Moving against people –Moving away from people

37. 37 Intrapsychic Conflicts become part of belief system take on a life of their own separate from the interpersonal conflicts that created them Originate from Interpersonal Experiences

38. 38 Intrapsychic Conflicts Idealized self image Neurotic search for glory Neurotic claims Neurotic pride

39. 39 Intrapsychic Conflicts Self-Hatred –(1) relentless demands on self, –(2) merciless self-accusation, –(3) self-contempt, –(4) self-frustration, –(5) self-torment or self-torture –(6) self-destructive actions and impulses.

40. 40 Feminine Psychology –Found concept of “penis envy” unsound –If that existed, should also be “womb envy”

41. 41 Critique of Horney Horney’s Theory Is: –Moderate on Internal Consistency and Parsimony –Low on Falsifiability, Generating Research, and Guiding Action –Very Low on Organizing Knowledge –Based mostly on own clinical experiences with neurotic patients

42. 42 Concept of Humanity Free Choice vs. Determinism Optimism vs. Pessimism Biology vs. Social Influence Similarities vs. Uniqueness Causality vs. Teleology Conscious vs. Unconscious

43. 43 Name that Theorist! Anatomy is destiny Freud A particularly beautiful woman is a source of terror. As a rule, a beautiful woman is a terrible disappointment. Jung To be human means to feel inferior. Adler I cannot think of any need in childhood as strong as the need for a father's protection. Freud Like all sciences and all valuations, the psychology of women has hitherto been considered only from the point of view of men. Horney

44. 44 America is the most grandiose experiment the world has seen, but, I am afraid, it is not going to be a success. Freud Everything that irritates us about others can lead us to an understanding of ourselves. Jung Men are more moral than they think and far more immoral than they can imagine. Freud War is organized murder and torture against our brothers Adler Concern should drive us into action, not into a depression. Horney Neurosis is the inability to tolerate ambiguity. Freud

45. 45 As we ascend the social ladder, viciousness wears a thicker mask. Creativity requires the courage to let go of certainties. In love the paradox occurs that two beings become one and yet remain two Man is the only animal for whom his own existence is a problem which he has to solve.

46. Erich Fromm ©Rene Burri/Magnum Photos

47. 47 Outline Overview of Humanistic Psychoanalysis Biography of Fromm Fromm’s Basic Assumption Human Needs The Burden of Freedom Character Orientations Personality Disorders Critique of Fromm Concept of Humanity

48. 48 Biography of Fromm

49. 49 Overview of Humanistic Psychoanalysis People Have Lost Their Connection with Nature and One Another

50. 50 Fromm’s Basic Assumption Personality can only be understood in the light of history “torn away” from their prehistoric union with nature Two fundamental dichotomies –Life and death –Complete Self-realization and the fact that we cannot reach this goal because “life is too short

51. 51 Human Needs 1) Relatedness 2) Transcendence 3) Rootedness 4) Sense of Identity 5) Frame of Orientation

52. 52 Fromm and the Simpsons

53. 53 Summary of Human Needs –needs have evolved from humans’ existence as a separate species –Aimed at moving humans toward reunification with the natural world –Lack of satisfaction of any of these needs is unbearable and may result in insanity

54. 54 The Burden of Freedom Freaks of the universe Freedom means no more fixed roles Freedom becomes a burden

55. 55 The Burden of Freedom To reduce sense of isolation 3 Mechanisms of Escape –Authoritarianism –Destructiveness –Conformity

56. 56 Questions re: Burdon of Freedom Did you feel more lonely after moving away from home? Is technology (Internet, Email) increasing the sense of loneliness? Insignificance? Alienation?

57. 57 The Burden of Freedom Positive Freedom –Spontaneous and full expression of both rational and emotional potentialities –Achieved when a person becomes reunified with others and with the world

58. 58 Character Orientations Assimilation Socialization The Nonproductive Orientations –Receptive –Exploitative –Hoarding –Marketing

59. 59 Character Orientations The Productive Orientations –Working –Loving –Reasoning –Psychologically healthy people work toward positive freedom

60. 60 Personality Disorders –Necrophilia –Malignant Narcissism –Incestuous Symbiosis

61. 61 Critique of Fromm Fromm’s Theory Is: –High on Organizing Knowledge –Low on Guiding Action, Internal Consistency, and Parsimony –Very Low on Generating Research and Falsifiability

62. 62 Concept of Humanity Unconscious vs. Conscious Free Choice vs. Determinism Pessimism vs. Optimism Uniqueness vs. Similarities Teleology vs. Causality Social vs. Biology

63. 63