1. APTEEN: A Hybrid Protocol for Efficient Routing and Comprehensive Information Retrieval in Wireless Sensor Networks Arati Manjeshwar, Dharma P. Agrawaly IPDPS ’ 02 Speaker : Chi-Chih Wu

2. Outline Introduction Introduction Hybrid Network Protocol : APTEEN Hybrid Network Protocol : APTEEN Performance Evaluation Performance Evaluation Conclusions Conclusions

3. Introduction Advantages of Wireless Sensor Network over wired ones Advantages of Wireless Sensor Network over wired ones Ease of deployment Ease of deployment Fault-tolerance Fault-tolerance Self-organization Self-organization Limitations of wireless media Limitations of wireless media Low bandwidth Low bandwidth Error prone transmissions Error prone transmissions Collision free channel access requirements Collision free channel access requirements

4. Introduction Limited Energy Longevity of the network Below 40 o F, north-east quadrant average, north-east quadrant, last 5 hours beyond 200 o F, next 2 hours Which Area, Between 40 o F-200 o F, past 2 hours

5. Introduction Queries Queries Historical queries Historical queries What was the temperature 2 hours back in the northwest quadrant What was the temperature 2 hours back in the northwest quadrant One-time query One-time query What is the temperature in the northwest quadrant What is the temperature in the northwest quadrant Persistent Persistent Report the temperature in the northwest quadrant for the next 2 hours Report the temperature in the northwest quadrant for the next 2 hours

6. Introduction Wireless sensor network ’ s protocol Wireless sensor network ’ s protocol Data centric Data centric Capable of effective data aggregation Capable of effective data aggregation Distribute energy dissipation evenly Distribute energy dissipation evenly Efficiently use their limited energy to increase the longevity of the network Efficiently use their limited energy to increase the longevity of the network Avoid any single point bottleneck (except BS) Avoid any single point bottleneck (except BS)

7. Hybrid Network Protocol : APTEEN -Hybrid Networks Proactive Networks Proactive Networks The nodes periodically switch on their sensors and transmitters (LEACH) The nodes periodically switch on their sensors and transmitters (LEACH) Reactive Networks Reactive Networks The nodes react immediately to sudden changes in the value of a sensed attribute beyond a pre-determined threshold value (TEEN) The nodes react immediately to sudden changes in the value of a sensed attribute beyond a pre-determined threshold value (TEEN) Hybrid Network Hybrid Network APTEEN (Adaptive Periodic Threshold-sensitive Energy Efficient Sensor Network Protocol) APTEEN (Adaptive Periodic Threshold-sensitive Energy Efficient Sensor Network Protocol) BS SN Sensing communication BS SN sudden changes Sensing sudden changes

8. Hybrid Network Protocol : APTEEN -Sensor Network Model Hierarchical Clustering Hierarchical Clustering Homogeneous Limited Energy Adequate Power Transmit directly to the sensor node

9. Hybrid Network Protocol : APTEEN -Sensor Network Model Hierarchical Clustering Hierarchical Clustering transmit only to CH aggregation most adjacent larger distance reduce routing complexity LEACH-C Decide CH (5%) Evenly distribute Optimally form cluster

10. Hybrid Network Protocol : APTEEN -Adaptive Periodic Threshold-sensitive Energy Efficient Sensor Network Protocol CH first broadcasts the following parameters CH first broadcasts the following parameters Attributes (A) Attributes (A) Thresholds Thresholds Hard threshold (HT) Hard threshold (HT) Soft threshold (ST) Soft threshold (ST) Schedule Schedule TDMA TDMA Count Time Count Time Proactive component Proactive component Cluster formation 1.Cluster change time 2.TDMA schedule and parameters Frame time (TDMA) … TC

11. Hybrid Network Protocol : APTEEN -Adaptive Periodic Threshold-sensitive Energy Efficient Sensor Network Protocol Modified TDMA Schedule Modified TDMA Schedule CDMA CDMA Inter-cluster collision Inter-cluster collision Common CDMA code Common CDMA code CH -> BS CH -> BS BS -> N BS -> N 1.1.11.1.21.1.31.1.41.1.51.1.61.1.71.1.8CH->BSBS->N 1.11.21.31.41.5CH->BSBS->N Frame Time BS CH

12. Performance Evaluation Simulation Environment Simulation Environment NS-2 simulator NS-2 simulator 100 nodes 100 nodes Area of 100 * 100 units Area of 100 * 100 units Fixed base station Fixed base station The nodes are place randomly The nodes are place randomly 0 – 200 o F 0 – 200 o F Initial energy is 2J Initial energy is 2J Idle power dissipation (10% radio energy) Idle power dissipation (10% radio energy) Sensing power dissipation( 10% idle energy) Sensing power dissipation( 10% idle energy) Poisson arrival process of the arrival queries Poisson arrival process of the arrival queries

13. Performance Evaluation

16. Conclusions The hybrid protocol APTEEN The hybrid protocol APTEEN It combines the best features of both proactive and reactive networks It combines the best features of both proactive and reactive networks Provides periodic data collection as well as near real-time warnings about critical events Provides periodic data collection as well as near real-time warnings about critical events

17. THANK YOU