1. Maps
Chapter 1

2. A map is a representation of the Earth’s surface
Map of Charlotte, NC

11. Map Characteristics
Maps have scales
Need to use a ruler

12. Can you tell me?
The EXACT location of the red star on the basketball below?
How could we make it
easier to do this?

13. Can you tell me?
The EXACT location of the red star on the Earth below?
How could we make it
easier to do this?

14. The Global Grid It would be impossible to describe a position on
Earth without some sort
of grid system to give you
an exact location.
This grid system is called
latitude and longitude.

15. Hemispheres
Hemisphere = Half of the Earth

17. Equator The equator cuts the Earth into the NORTHERN and SOUTHERN
hemispheres

18. Prime Meridian The prime meridian cuts the Earth into the EASTERN and
WESTERN
hemispheres

19. Latitude Measured from 0-90 degrees, N & S of the Equator (0 degrees)
Lines of latitude measure the distance NORTH or SOUTH of the equator
Measured from 0-90 degrees, N & S of the Equator (0 degrees)
There are 180 total degrees of Latitude.

20. Latitude = Ladder
Think of latitude lines like steps on a ladder

21. O degrees

22. Latitude & Climate
As your latitude INCREASES, your temperature DECREASES!! 90 90

23. The Climate Zones
Lines of latitude divide the globe into 3 distinct climate zones

24. Longitude
Lines of longitude measure the distance EAST or WEST of the prime meridian
Measured degrees, E & W of the Prime Meridian (0 degrees)

26. Longitude = LONG hair
Longitude lines are curved and meet at the poles.

27. Latitude vs. Longitude Latitude – HORIZONTAL lines
Longitude – VERTICAL lines

29. Youtube Clip

30. Practice
Put on Your Thinking Cap

31. Practice Problems
To find a location, you need BOTH the latitude and the longitude measurement!!

32. 90W 75N
A -_______________
B - ______________
C -_______________
D - ______________
E -_______________
F - ______________
G -_______________
H - ______________
I - _______________
J - _______________
120W 60N
60E 60N
45W 15N
150W 0
120W 60S S
75E 15S
150E 45S
180E 30N

33. 60E 30N 30W 30S 90W 0 75W 45N 25W 13N A -_______________
B - ______________
C -_______________
D - ______________
E -_______________
30W 30S
90W
75W 45N
25W 13N

34. Topographic Maps
Topographic maps show the Earth’s 3-dimensional surface
They show ELEVATION and DEPRESSION by using contour lines.

35. Elevation vs. Depression
Elevation – when distance is RISING
Depression – when distance is FALLING E L V A T I O N D E P R S I O N

36. Rules of Contour Lines

37. 1. Every spot along a contour line is the SAME ELEVATION
1. Every spot along a contour line is the SAME ELEVATION. You could walk the entire distance around the mountain on a contour line and never gain or lose elevation.

38. What is the contour interval of this map?
2. The distance between any two contour lines ALWAYS remains the same. This is known as the CONTOUR INTERVAL
What is the contour interval of this map?
20 feet

39. 3. Normally every 5th contour line is darkened and labeled with its elevation. This is called an index contour.

40. Lines CLOSE together means a STEEP incline
4. Steepness of an area can be determined by the number of contour lines.
Lines CLOSE together means a STEEP incline
Lines far apart means a GENTLE incline

42. Which side of Fire Mountain is the steepest? (North or South)

43. The South side because the contour lines are closer together.

44. 5. Contour lines that form a series of circles represents a HILL or MOUNTAIN

45. The top of the hill is the highest point and is higher than the closed contour.

46. The Highest point of a hill must be under what the next contour line would be.

47. If you walk from point D to point E would you be going uphill or downhill?

48. Uphill

49. Contour Map Profile

51. Matching Practice

52. 6. Under normal circumstances contour lines NEVER touch or intersect each other.
* The only case this happens is with an overhanging cliff.

53. 7. When showing DEPRESSION (elevation lowering), the contour line is drawn with hachure marks.

54. What is the elevation
of point C?
0 feet C

55. What is the contour interval?

56. Answer = 20 Feet

57. What is the elevation of point A?

58. Answer = 150 Feet

59. What is the elevation of point B?

60. Answer = 110 feet

61. What is the difference in elevation between points A & C?

62. Answer = 40 Feet

63. Which mountain has crater at it’s top?

64. Fire Mountain: shown by depression contour (hachure marks).

65. What is elevation of the highest contour line on this map?

66. Answer = 260 Feet

67. On mountain B, what side of the mountain has the STEEPEST slope?
East
Southeast
West B

68. 3-Dimensional View of a Topographic Map
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