1. Von Neumann architecture
Interesting extras: Little Man Computer (LMC)
Von Neumann architecture
Nearly all modern computers work in the same way:
They have a way to get input from a user.
They have somewhere to store instructions and data
They have a way to process the data based on the instructions.
They have a way to output the result.
This idea of storing all data and instructions in the place in memory is called the Von Neumann architecture.

2. Interesting extras: Little Man Computer (LMC)
Obviously modern computers are very complicated, which can make it hard to understand how they work.
The Little Man Computer (LMC) is a simulation created to make it easier to understand how a computer works.
The Little Man Computer is just a very, very simple version of a real computer.
The LMC visualises the computer as a Little Man
who executes programs by running around
fetching input, storing it, using a calculator to
process it then outputting answers to the user.

3. Interesting extras: Little Man Computer (LMC)
LMC input devices
Instead of the keyboard or mouse that a real computer uses to get input from a user the LMC has an inbox.
The Little Man checks his inbox whenever he needs some information from the user.
A normal computer uses a keyboard, the little man uses an inbox. Simple.
In-box

4. Interesting extras: Little Man Computer (LMC)
LMC output devices
Instead of the monitor or speakers that a real computer uses to output information to a user the LMC has an outbox.
The Little Man places any information he wants to give you in to his outbox.
A normal computer uses a monitor, the little man uses an outbox. Still simple.
Out box

5. Interesting extras: Little Man Computer (LMC)
LMC storage devices
Instead of the RAM that a real computer uses to store data and instructions the LMC has a set of 100 mailboxes (labeled 0-99).
The Little Man keeps anything he needs like data or instructions in these mailboxes. 1 2
A normal computer uses RAM to store stuff, the little man uses 100 mailboxes. Still simple. 3 99 ….

6. Interesting extras: Little Man Computer (LMC)
LMC processor
Instead of the processor that a real computer uses to work things out the LMC use a calculator called the accumulator. The accumulator is pretty rubbish as it can only add or subtract.
The Little Man uses his accumulator to add or subtract numbers when he needs to.
Accumulator
A normal computer uses a processor, the little man uses his rubbish calculator (called an accumulator).

7. Next instruction is in Mailbox
Interesting extras: Little Man Computer (LMC)
Little Mans job list
The Little Man is pretty busy and needs to keep track of which instruction to execute next.
To do this he uses diary called a program counter to tell him which mailbox to look in to get his next instruction.
Everytime he completes an instruction the program counter updates to point to the mailbox with the next instruction.
He always begins by looking in mailbox 0 (the first mailbox)
Next instruction is in Mailbox 4

8. Little Man Computer Interesting extras: Little Man Computer (LMC)
Little Mans mailboxes where he stores data and instructions.
Little Mans accumulator (calculator) that he uses to add or subtract.
Little Mans Program Counter that tells him which mailbox his next instruction is in.
Little Mans inbox that he gets data from.
Little Mans outbox where he puts his answers.

9. Interesting extras: Little Man Computer (LMC)
Programming the LMC
The LMC is easy to program, you just give the Little Man a sequence of instructions to follow.
A normal computer responds to thousands of instructions but because the LMC is so basic there are only a few the Little Man understands.

10. LMC instructions
Very few instructions but they can look scary as they are only three letters long.