1. Informal & Formal Clinical Teaching Case Discussion Problem case analysis (PCA) Random case analysis (RCA) (CBDs)

2. Constructivism The mind actively creating knowledge through experience

3. Learning from experience

4. “Learning is the process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience” (Kolb, 1984)

5. PCA/ RCA

7. Questioning ‘The quality of a question is judged not by its complexity, but by the complexity of thinking it provokes’ Joseph O Connor

8. Socratic Questioning

9. Good open questions?.... (with thanks to Richard Thomson) How did this patient come to be here today? What do we know about this patient? What do we need to know in order to provide them with the best care?