1. What is a monoclonal antibody?

2.  An antibody that recognizes a single epitope  It is made by fusing B cells with myeloma cells to produce a hybridoma  Hybridoma’s are cells that produce monoclonal Ab Hybridoma Producing monoclonal Ab B cells Myeloma

3. Which vaccines are composed of attenuated organisms?  MMR (measles, mumps, rubella)  Chickenpox  Smallpox (not for general public)  Intranasal influenza

4. Which vaccines are toxoids?

5.  Tetanus  Diphtheria

6. Which subunit vaccine is “acellular”?

7.  Pertussis

8. Which vaccines are genetically engineered?

9.  Hepatitis B  HPV (human papilloma virus)  Rotavirus

10. Which vaccines are composed of attenuated organisms?

11. What type of diagnostic tests use precipitation reactions?

12.  Precipitin Ring Tests  Immunodiffusion  Immunoelectrophoresis Precipitation reactions always involve soluble antibody and soluble antigen

13. Give examples of diagnostic agglutination reactions.

14.  RPR – an indirect agglutination testing for antibody (used to diagnose syphilis)  Rapid strep test – an indirect agglutination testing for antigen (Streptococcus pyogenes)

15. What is an indirectic immunofluorescent assay? How is it performed?

16. What is an indirect immunofluorescent assay? How is it performed?  Test for presence of antibody  A known antigen is put on a slide, the patients sera is added, and than an anti-human antibody is added that has a fluorescent dye conjugated to it

17. Describe how to perform a direct ELISA

18.  A monoclonal Ab is attached to a plastic dish  A sample from the patient is added where you expect to find the Antigen  A monoclonal Ab that is conjugated to an enzyme is added  The substrate for the enzyme is then added  A positive test would be the detection of a colored product

19. Describe how to perform a direct ELISA

20. What does a positive complement test look like? What does it mean?

21.  No hemolysis  Means the patient does have the Antibody you were trying to detect

22. Give an example of a neutralization assay

23. Give an example of a diagnostic neutralization assay.  Viral Hemagglutination Inhibition test

24. How does a direct ELISA differ from an indirect ELISA

25.  Direct is used to detect antigen  Indirect is used to detect Antibody  The same is true for direct and indirect immunofluorescence assays