1. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 7- 1 Psychological and Psychiatric Foundations of Criminal Behaviour Chapter 7

2. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 7 -2 Early Perspectives Psychological Perspective  Behavioural conditioning  Personality disturbances  Psychopathology Psychiatric Perspective  Biological + psychological urges mediated through consciousness.

3. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 7 -3 Criminal Behaviour as Maladaptive ► The Psychoanalytic Perspective ► Personality Types and Crime ► The Link Between Frustration and Aggression ► The Psychotic Offender ► The Psychopath ► Antisocial Personality Disorder

4. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 7 -4 The Psychoanalytic Perspective

5. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 7 -5 Personality Types and Crime Psychoticism  Most likely to be criminal. ExtrovertsNeuroticism

6. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 7 -6 The Link Between Frustration and Aggression Frustration         Aggression

7. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 7 -7 The Psychotic Offender ► Suffering from a psychosis. ► Out of touch with reality. ► Hallucinations ► Delusions ► Schizophrenic ► Paranoid schizophrenic

8. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 7 -8 The Psychopath ► Psychopathy Checklist – Revised ► Behavioural manifestations vary with age, gender and socio-economic status. ► Abnormal EEG ► Psychopath  Criminal

9. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 7 -9 Antisocial Personality Disorder Antisocial Personality Disorder  Psychopathy Diagnosed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Focus on behavioural patterns exemplified by persistent violations of social norms.

10. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 7 -10 Crime as Adaptive Behaviour Crime fulfills the need to be punished. Crime is an adaptation to life’s stresses.  Alloplastic adaptation  Autoplastic adaptation

11. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 7 -11 Social Learning Theory Albert Bandura ► Modelling theory ► People learn by observing others. ► Aggression seen as a means to an end.

12. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 7 -12 Behaviour Theory B. F. Skinner ► Stimulus-response approach to behaviour. ► Positive and negative rewards and punishments. ► Focus is on environment.

13. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 7 -13 Mental Illness and the Law ► The McNaughten Rule ► Fitness to Stand Trial ► Not Criminally Responsible by Reason of Mental Disorder

14. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 7 -14 The McNaughten Rule Persons cannot be held criminally responsible for actions if at the time of the offence: 1. They did not know what they were doing, or 2. They did not know that what they doing was wrong.

15. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 7 -15 Fitness to Stand Trial ► Mental state at time of trial. ► Reviewed annually. ► Brought before court every 2 years. ► Individual stands trial when deemed fit to stand trial.

16. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 7 -16 Not Criminally Responsible by Reason of Mental Disorder (NCRMD) ► Mental state at time of offence. ► Disposition hearing determines threat to public or himself. ► Capping

17. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 7 -17 Social Policy and Forensic Psychology Selective incapacitation Dangerous offender legislation  Crown applies after conviction.  Indeterminate sentence.  Lengthened period of parole ineligibility.

18. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 7 -18 Criminal Psychological Profiling Assists criminal investigators. Behaviour is symptomatic of personality. Violent Crime Linkage Analysis System (ViCLAS)