1. Chapter 9 Section 3 Industrialization Spreads
Objective: Trace the spread of industrialization through Europe & the United States.
Vocabulary: Stock & Corporation

2. Setting the Stage
Great Britain’s favorable geography & its financial systems, political stability, & natural resources sparked industrialization
Eventually, the Industrial Revolution that began in Britain spread to both the United States & to continental Europe
Countries that had similar conditions to Britain prospered during industrialization

3. Industrial Development in the United States
America had fast-flowing rivers, rich deposits of coal & iron, & a supply of laborers made up of farms workers & immigrants
During the War of 1812, Britain, blocked the United States from trading international
The United States had to develop independent industries to produce products they could no longer import

4. Industrialization in the United States
Samuel Slater emigrated to the United States built a spinning machine from memory
Moses Brown opened the first factory in the United States however it only made one part of the finished product
Textiles led the way in industrialization in the United States
Factories popped up in Waltham, Lowell, & Lawrence, Massachusetts

5. Later Expansion of U.S. Industry
During the late 1800s, the United States experienced a technological boom
Along with their natural resources, a burst of inventions (electric light bulb & telephone) boosted the Industrial Revolution
Chicago & Minneapolis expanded during the 1800s because of the expansion of railroad lines
Businesses of all kinds began to merge together to form larger companies

6. The Rise of Corporations
Larger businesses required a great deal of money
Entrepreneurs sold shares of stock (certain right of ownership)
People who bought stocks were part owners of those companies
A corporation is a business owned by stockholders who share in its profits but are not personally responsible for its debt
Giant corporations made big profits by reducing the cost of producing goods

7. Continental Europe Industrializes
French Revolution & Napoleonic wars between – 1815 halted trade, interrupted communication, & caused inflation in some parts of the continent
European countries watched the gap widen between themselves & Britain
However, industrialization eventually reached continental Europe

8. Beginnings in Belgium
Belgium led Europe in adopting Britain’s new technology
William Cockerill illegally made his way to Belgium in 1799, carrying secret plans for building spinning machines
His son, John, built an enormous industrial enterprise
Belgium produced a variety of mechanical equipment

9. Germany Industrializes
Economic isolation & scattered resources hampered countryside industrialization in Germany
Germany began to copy the British model & sent their children to England to learn industrial management
Germany built railroads that linked its growing manufacturing cities
Germany’s economic strength spurred its ability to develop as a military power

10. Expansion Elsewhere in Europe
In the rest of Europe, industrialization during the early 1800s proceeded by region rather than by country
In France, industrialization was controlled & as a result they didn’t have the social/economic problems caused by industrialization
For a variety of other reasons, many European countries did not industrialize

11. The Impact of Industrialization
The Industrial Revolution shifted the world balance of power
Industrialization widened the wealth gap between industrialized & non- industrialized countries
Industrialized countries viewed poor countries as markets for their manufactured products

12. Transformation of Society
Between 1700 & 1900, revolutions in agriculture, production, transportation, & communication changed the lives of people around the world
Industrialization revolutionized every aspect of society from daily life to life expectancy
Despite the hardships early urban workers suffered, population, health, & wealth eventually rose dramatically in all industrialized countries