1. REPEAT BREEDING SYNDROME

2. THE MOST VEXING PROBLEM FOR A VETERINARIAN!

3. DEFINITION A repeat breeder cow is defined as one
That has been bred 3 or more times but not conceived
Has normal estrous cycle
Is free from palpable abnormality
Has no abnormal vaginal discharge
Has calved atleast once and
Is less than 10 years old

4. ETIOLOGY
FERTILIZATION FAILURE
EARLY EMBRYONIC DEATH

6. FERTILIZATION FAILURE
ACCOUNTS FOR ABOUT 15 PER
CENT OF REPRODUCTIVE
WASTAGE IN NORMAL COWS.
IN REPEAT BREEDER COWS THE
FERTILIZATION FAILURE MAY BE HIGHER AROUND PER CENT.

7. Fertilization failures may be due to
Abnormalities in ovulation
Anovulation
Delayed ovulation
Defective ovum
Ageing of ovum- aged ova are viable only for few hours
Inability of sperm to fertilize ovum
Fertility of bull
High sperm abnormality
Low sperm motility
Inflammation of genital tract
Very early AI

8. Inability of the gamates to reach one another due to congenital and acquired defects of the genital tract
Congenital defects - segmental aplasia

9. ACQUIRED DEFECTS - OVAROBURSAL ADHESIONS
FAILURE OF OVA PICK-UP

10. HYDROSALPHINX

11. Cystic ovary
Follicular Cyst and Hydrosalpinx.

12. TUBAL BLOCK- PSP DYE TEST

13. EARLY EMBRYONIC DEATH Accounts for 25% of reproductive wastage.
Major portion of embryonic death occurs between days 8 and 19 after breeding
Most embryo death occurs before the critical stage of pregnancy recognition and the cow will return to estrus at the normal days interval

14. Early embryonic death may be due to
Cytogenic abnormalities
Critical requirement for embryo survival is the presence of a normal complement of chromosomes.
Chromosomal aberrations-abnormal karyotypes play a role in early embryo loss

15. Unfavourable uterine environment
Uterine environment can be affected by
Nutrition
Age of dam
Ambient temperature
Hormonal imbalance
Infections
Rectal examination
Vaginal speculum
White side test
Endometrial cytology
Endometrial biopsy

16. Repeat breeding-Treatment
Bring the animal into +ve balance
Additional concentrate ,greens
Mineral supplemen
Check the semen quality. Use only high quality semen

17. Timing of AI Spin Brackiet test Repeat AI
TREATMENT
Timing of AI
Spin Brackiet test
Repeat AI

18. Delayed ovulation Estrus length -6-24hrs Shorter in indigenous
Longer in exotic
Prolonged Estrus

19. TREATMENT
100 g of GnRH (20 g of GnRH analouge) OR IU of LH at the time of AI
500 mg of depot progesterone on 5th day after AI or IU of LH/GnRH on 6th day of cycle
Skip AI, adm.PGF2 after 9-10 days and do fixed time AI at 72 and 96 hrs
CIDR, ear implant or PRID application and fixed time AI twice at 48 and 72 hours

20. PROSTAGLANDINS Prostaglandin F2a and its analogues
Cause functional and morphological regression of CL
Estrus two to three days following inj.

21. 21 Day Estrous cycle Approx. 12 days Functional CL 21 Day estrous
Responsive
21 Day estrous
Cycle
Approx. 12 days
Functional CL
21 Day Estrous cycle
Not Responsive
Approx.
4-5 Days
Dev. CL
Approx.
4-5 Days
Reg. CL

22. PRODUCTS ADMINISTRATION Cloprostenol (Estrumate) - synthetic analog.
Dinoprost tromethamine (Lutalyse) - synthetic PG F2a
similar to the natural product in the body.
Tiaprost (illiren) – synthetic analogue
ADMINISTRATION
Intra muscular route
Natural PGF2a - 25 mg
Synthetic analog mg
Intra vulval sub mucosal route
Natural PGF2a - 10 mg
Synthetic analog mg
Both routes are effective and have
been found to give good conception rate.

23. CL regression and Follicle maturation
The Ovsynch protocol
D 7
D 9
D10
D 0
PGF2 a
GnRH AI
GnRH
7 d
2 d
Synchronized
Ovulation
Induced ovulation
New follicle growth
CL regression and Follicle maturation
GnRH-Receptal -2.5ml or 10µg I/M
PGF2 a-Lutalyse – 5 ml or 25 mg I/M

24. Conclusions Control of uterine infections
Correct negative energy balance
Correct timing of Aritificial insemination
Assure quality of semen